Childhood exposure to physical and emotional violence over a 57-year period in Sweden

Aims: The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of childhood experiences of physical violence (CPV) and emotional violence (CEV) at the hands of parents over a 57-year period among adults born between 1937 and 1993. Methods: In 2012, a survey among women and men aged 18–74 years in Sweden was undertaken to examine the lifetime prevalence of physical, psychological and sexual violence and associations with current health in adulthood. Questionnaires were based on the Adverse Childhood Experiences study and a previous national survey of violence exposure. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the frequency of exposure to CPV and CEV, and changes over time were analysed using analysis of variance and logistic regression. Results: A total of 10,337 individuals participated (response rates: 56% for women and 48% for men). CPV decreased significantly over the time period studied, particularly for those born after 1983. This decrease was more evident for male respondents. Throughout the time period studied, the proportion of women reporting CEV was higher than for men. Among both genders there was a steady rise in CEV rates from those born in the late 1930s to those born in the mid-1980s, after which there was a decline that was more marked for men. Conclusions: A significant group of children in Sweden experience violence at the hands of parents. However, our data corroborate previous national studies that children’s exposure to violence has decreased. Clear gender differences indicate that these changes have affected girls and boys differently.

Download Full-text

Adverse childhood experiences and risk of physical violence in adolescent dating relationships

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech.2009.105429 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 65 (11) ◽

pp. 1006-1013 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

E. Miller ◽

J. Breslau ◽

W.-J. J. Chung ◽

J. G. Green ◽

K. A. McLaughlin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Dating Relationships ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adolescent Dating ◽

Adverse Childhood

Download Full-text

0988 Interaction Of Race/Ethnicity And Adverse Childhood Experiences: Links To Subsequent Childhood Sleep Duration

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.984 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A375-A375

Author(s):

D M Rojo-Wissar ◽

D W Sosnowski ◽

C L Jackson ◽

B S Maher ◽

A P Spira

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Reference Group ◽

Primary Caregiver ◽

Significant Group ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

Race Ethnicity

Abstract Introduction Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and sleep disturbances independently affect health and development across the lifespan. While burgeoning research suggests a link between ACEs and sleep health among adults, few studies have examined the association between ACEs and sleep in childhood or whether these associations vary by sex or race/ethnicity. Methods Using prospective data from 2,063 children (49% female; 20% Non-Hispanic [NH] White, 55% NH Black, 25% Hispanic/Latino) from the Fragile Families & Child Wellbeing Study, we used multiple linear regression analyses to examine associations between primary caregiver reports of child cumulative ACEs (i.e., physical abuse; emotional abuse; neglect; household dysfunction; possible range=0 to 10) at age 5 and primary caregiver reports of average sleep duration (minutes) at age 9. We used interaction terms to examine whether these associations varied by sex (reference group: males) or race/ethnicity (reference group: NH Whites). If significant, we used plots to visually investigate other potential between-groups differences (i.e. non-overlapping 95% CIs) and tested these statistically using linear combinations of estimator tests. If there were significant group differences, analyses were stratified by sex or race/ethnicity. Results Associations between ACEs and sleep duration significantly varied by race/ethnicity but not sex, such that the magnitude of the association was stronger in NH Whites compared to NH Blacks (p<.0001) and in Hispanics/Latinos compared to NH Blacks (p<.0001). In analyses stratified by race/ethnicity and adjusted for both sex and age 5 sleep duration, each unit increase in ACE score was associated with a 6.66 minute shorter sleep duration in NH Whites (B=-6.66, SD=2.10, p=0.002), a non-significant 2.20 minute shorter sleep duration in NH Blacks (B=-2.20, SD=1.52, p=0.148), and a 4.36 minute shorter sleep duration in Hispanics/Latinos (B=-4.36, SD=2.03, p=0.032). Conclusion We found that cumulative ACEs were associated with shorter sleep duration across race/ethnicity and more strongly related in NH White and Hispanic/Latino children. Prospective studies with subjective and objective sleep measures investigating multiple sleep parameters are needed that identify factors (e.g., cumulative disadvantage) that differentially affect associations across race/ethnicity and characterize health outcomes of ACEs and sleep duration. Support 5T32MH014592-39, 5T32DA007292-27, Z1A ES103325-01

Download Full-text

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Associated Mental Distress and Suicide Risk: Results From the Zambia Violence Against Children Survey

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/08862605211056726 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052110567

Author(s):

NaeHyung Lee ◽

Greta M. Massetti ◽

Elizabeth W. Perry ◽

Shannon Self-Brown

Keyword(s):

Partner Violence ◽

Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Mental Distress ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Health Concern ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Violence Against Children ◽

Adverse Childhood

Purpose: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a global public health concern. Little research exists on the prevalence and health consequences of ACEs in Zambia. The current study examined associations between individual and cumulative ACEs, mental distress, and suicide risk among Zambian youth. Methods: Data from Zambia Violence Against Children and Youth Survey were used (18-24 years old, n=1034). Bivariate and adjusted logistic models were performed with independent variables (i.e., experienced physical violence (PV), sexual violence (SV), and emotional violence (EV); witnessed intimate partner violence (IPV) and community violence (CV); orphan status; cumulative ACE exposure) and dependent variables (i.e., mental distress and suicide risk). Adjusted models controlled for demographic and social characteristics. Results: 76.8% of Zambian youth experienced one or more ACEs, and more than 30% witnessed CV (38.4%) or IPV (30.2%), or experienced PV (35.1%), prior to age 18. 27.5% were orphans, and less than 20% experienced EV (17.3%) or SV (15.4%) in childhood. 42.4% experienced mental distress in the past 30 days, and 12.5% reported lifetime suicidal thoughts or suicide attempts. PV, EV, cumulative ACE exposure, older age, being single, and stronger friendships were significantly related to experiencing mental distress. Cumulative ACEs exposure was associated with significantly higher suicide risk. Conclusions: Preventing ACEs can reduce mental distress and suicide risk among Zambian youth. Youth with cumulative ACE exposure can be prioritized for mental health intervention. More research is warranted to investigate the broad-based prevention of ACEs, especially PV and EV, and protective factors that can promote resilience among youth who have experienced ACEs.

Download Full-text

Patterns of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Juveniles Who Sexually Offended

Sexual Abuse ◽

10.1177/1079063217697135 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 803-827 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Steffen Barra ◽

Cornelia Bessler ◽

Markus A. Landolt ◽

Marcel Aebi

Keyword(s):

Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽

Latent Class ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Sexual Offending ◽

Clinical Work ◽

Child Victim ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

The Family ◽

Sexually Offended

Juveniles who sexually offended (JSOs) are differentially burdened with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). The present study used Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to derive subtypes of JSOs according to their patterns of 10 different ACEs. An extensive file analysis of 322 male JSOs ( M = 14.14, SD = 1.94) revealed five subtypes with (a) multiple (9.0%), (b) mainly family related (17.1%), (c) mainly peer related (21.7%), (d) mainly neglectful (18.6%), and (e) little/no (33.5%) ACEs. Differences among ACE subtypes with regard to several offense and victim characteristics (e.g., the use of penetration or violence, the choice of a child, a male, a stranger, or multiple victims) were examined. Whereas no differences were found for the use of physical violence or the choice of male, stranger, or multiple victims, binary logistic regressions revealed associations of the multiple-ACE subtype with the choice of a child victim, the family-ACE subtype with the use of penetration as well as further nonsexual delinquency, the peer-ACE subtype with the use of penetration and the choice of a child victim, and the neglect-subtype with the choice of a child victim. Additional analyses including single ACE categories instead of LCA-derived subtypes supported these results. Findings highlight the need for a comprehensive consideration of ACEs in research and clinical work to understand developmental pathways to juvenile sexual offending.

Download Full-text