scholarly journals Development of Cotton Nonwoven Composite Fabric for Toxic Chemical Decontamination and Characterization of its Adsorption Capabilities

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 155892501300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utkarsh Sata ◽  
Eugene Wilusz ◽  
Steve Mlynarek ◽  
Gopal Coimbatore ◽  
Ronald Kendall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Chemical Decontamination ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
Gravimetric Procedure

Because of the current threat of toxic chemicals and chemical warfare agents, personal protection is important for soldiers and first responders, as well as the civilian population. This paper describes the development of a cotton non-particulate nonwoven composite fabric and the evaluation of its adsorption capability for protection against toxic chemical ingress which can be harmful or lethal. In addition, this paper focuses on the evaluation of toxic chemical adsorption capabilities of various chemical protective substrates that have the potential to be used in military applications. The development of a three-layered cotton based decontamination wipe and its adsorption of 0.1 % w/v pinacolyl methylphosphonate in butanol, is presented. Adsorption is quantified using a modified gravimetric procedure developed using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The results demonstrate the adsorption performance of a new cotton-based, non-particulate flexible composite that has a high potential to be used as a portable decontamination wipe. This research is unique in the area of individual protection and addresses the requirements of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) for seeking and evaluating highly efficient, non-particulate, and skin-friendly materials that provide necessary chemical protection while minimizing any discomfort or irritation.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of TiO2/Mg(OH)2 composites for catalytic degradation of CWA surrogates

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (33) ◽  
pp. 19542-19552
Author(s):  
Martin Šťastný ◽  
Václav Štengl ◽  
Jiří Henych ◽  
Jakub Tolasz ◽  
Martin Kormunda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Catalytic Degradation ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions

Surface catalyzed reactions can be a convenient way to deactivate toxic chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and remove them from the contaminated environment.

DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF TOXIC CHEMICAL VAPORS IN AN OPEN-AIR ENVIRONMENT BY A DIFFERENTIAL PASSIVE LWIR STANDOFF TECHNIQUE

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 457-468
Author(s):  
HUGO LAVOIE ◽  
ELDON PUCKRIN ◽  
JEAN-MARC THÉRIAULT
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Standoff Detection ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Atmospheric Remote Sensing ◽  
Infrared Technology ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Long Wave Infrared ◽  
Measurement Approach

In this paper, the passive standoff long wave infrared technology developed for atmospheric remote sensing was used to detect and identify chemical pollutants in the atmosphere. The measurement approach is based on the differential passive standoff detection method that has been developed by DRDC Valcartier during the past few years. The measurements were performed on real chemical warfare agents and toxic chemical vapors. The results clearly demonstrate the capability of the differential radiometry approach for the detection, identification and quantification of toxic chemical vapor clouds in an open-air environment.

Phase and Morphology in Mixed CuO-WO3 Films for Chemical Sensing

2002 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. El Madi ◽  
B. Meulendyk ◽  
R. S. Pilling ◽  
G. Bernhardt ◽  
R. J. Lad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Surface Segregation ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Phase Sensor ◽  
Semiconducting Metal Oxide

ABSTRACTSemiconducting metal oxide (SMO) chemiresistive sensors are highly sensitive toward a broad range of hydrocarbons. To develop a gas phase sensor with selectivity toward organophosphorus compounds, such as chemical warfare agents and pesticides, we have developed dosimeters based upon a poisoning mechanism. Here, we report the growth and characterization of WO3 thin films, modified with Cu2O. XPS data show that exposure to phosphonate compounds leads to accumulation of phosphate on the surface, together with dramatic changes in the surface segregation of copper. We present XRD and XPS results to characterize the phase changes following growth, annealing, and exposure to phosphonate compounds. The correlation between sensor response and phosphorous accumulation shows that the highest activity occurs at intermediate coverages of Cu2O, in the15–25 Å range, on 500 Å WO3 films.

NEUROLOGICAL FEATURES IN CHILDREN AND DIPHENYLARSINIC ACID PROBABLY DERIVED FROM CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Iwasaki ◽  
S Miyamoto ◽  
K Ishii ◽  
T Takeda ◽  
T Ohto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Neurological Features

ORGANOPHOSPHORUS NEUROTOXINS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Andriyanova ◽  
Aslanli Aslanli ◽  
Nataliya Basova ◽  
Viktor Bykov ◽  
Sergey Varfolomeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Current State ◽  
Physicochemical Biology ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physicochemical Methods ◽  
State Of Research

The collective monograph is devoted to discussing the history of creation, studying the properties, neutralizing and using organophosphorus neurotoxins, which include chemical warfare agents, agricultural crop protection chemical agents (herbicides and insecticides) and medicines. The monograph summarizes the results of current scientific research and new prospects for the development of this field of knowledge in the 21st century, including the use of modern physicochemical methods for experimental study and theoretical analysis of biocatalysis and its mechanisms based on molecular modeling with supercomputer power. The book is intended for specialists who are interested in the current state of research in the field of organophosphorus neurotoxins. The monograph will be useful for students, graduate students, researchers specializing in the field of physical chemistry, physicochemical biology, chemical enzymology, toxicology, biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics, biotechnology, nanotechnology and biomedicine.

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