Town Regulation of Negative Consequences in Areas of Flooding and Partial Flooding

Постановка задачи. Градорегулирование в зонах затопления, подтопления является одной из самых актуальных проблем для российских регионов. Цель данной работы - дать понятие градостроительного регулирования в зонах затопления, подтопления, рассмотреть правовой режим этих зон, раскрыть существующие проблемы градорегулирования в зонах затопления, подтопления и дать предложения по их устранению, а также совершенствованию действующего законодательства. Результаты. Установлено, что градорегулирование является эффективным методом по предотвращению и устранению негативных последствий в зонах затопления, подтопления. Выявлен ряд проблем в градорегулировании, устранение которых позволит повысить эффективность предотвращения и устранения негативных последствий в зонах затопления, подтопления. Предложены пути решения обозначенных проблем градорегулирования. Выводы. Современные методы снижения ущерба от опасных гидрологических явлений, включая наводнения, требуют перехода от стратегии индивидуальной защиты объектов к комплексной системе мер, которая включает в себя прежде всего нормативно-правовое регулирование данного вопроса и ответственность за несоблюдение установленных норм и правил. Именно такой подход является необходимым элементом обеспечения стабильного экономического развития Российской Федерации, безопасности жизнедеятельности граждан и создания комфортных условий проживания. Statement of the problem. Urban regulation in areas of flooding is one of the most pressing problems for Russian regions. The purpose of this work is to give the concept of urban planning regulation in areas of flooding, flooding, to consider the legal regime of zones of flooding, flooding, to reveal the existing problems of urban regulation in areas of flooding and partial flooding, and to give guidelines for their elimination and improvement of the current legislation. Results. It is established that city regulation in areas of flooding and partial flooding is an effective method for preventing and eliminating negative consequences in areas of flooding and partial flooding. A number of problems has been identified in urban regulation in areas of flooding and partial flooding, the elimination of which will increase the effectiveness of prevention and elimination of negative consequences in areas of flooding and partial flooding. The ways of solving the indicated problems of urban regulation are set forth. Conclusions. Modern methods of reducing damage from hazardous hydrological phenomena, including floods, require a transition from a strategy of individual protection of facilities to a comprehensive system of measures, which includes, most importantly, a legal regulation of this issue and responsibility for non-compliance with established norms and rules. It is this approach that is a necessary element of ensuring the stable economic development of the Russian Federation, the safety of citizens' and the creation of comfortable living conditions.

Gems, Cameos, and Social Practice

This chapter focuses on the social practice of Roman images in the form of engraved gems and cameos. They were carried along on the body of their owner, so that the way they were perceived was highly flexible. The function of the representations was thus not limited to spatially fixed contexts of perception and could potentially function in all social configurations in which their wearer interacted socially. This essay aims to consider gems and cameos as objects within social spheres of activity. The starting point is the use of the objects. This makes it possible at least to limit the social interactions into which the images were integrated. Following upon this functional approach and an overview of common pictorial motifs, examples of possible ways these representations were concretely integrated to social practices will be shown. To this end, both outwardly directed functions such as social status or affiliation with a social group as well as actor-oriented aspects such as personal commemoration or the desire for individual protection are considered.

Anticipated Memories and Adaptation from Past Flood Events in Gregório Creek Basin, Brazil

In this research we used walking interviews to investigate the measures used by shopkeepers as protection against floods. The concept of anticipated memory has been used to identify the relationship between their learning from previous events and the adaptive measures they have taken to reduce risk of future flooding in Gregório Creek basin. The area is affected by major flooding issues in the city of São Carlos, southeastern Brazil. Twenty-three (23) downtown merchants shared their experience of the extreme rainfall that occurred on 12 January 2020, characterized by a return period of 103 years. Comparing our findings with November 2015 and March 2018 floods (Interviews 37 and 52 respectively), we noted that due to the enhanced level of threat, people had changed their adaptation strategy by increasing the sum of floodgate height more than 4-fold (870 cm to 3830 cm) between 2015 to 2020. Our results showed that despite frequent flooding, the shopkeepers downtown were reluctant to move away from the area; rather, they preferred to improve their individual protection. The substantial increase in the height of the floodgates represents the population’s feedback in the face of a new level of threat.

Firefighter Safety Using IoT

From ancient times, firefighter’s faces a high risk of burns which may sometimes lead to death, especially those who enter the burning building first and those who are holding the front end of the nozzle. In order to avoid this kind of risk, an enlightened physical admonition arrangement for firefighter was put forward. Corresponding controller is developed with low power consumption on the display screen terminator which could inspect numerous conflagration in the surroundings and the site where firefighter reside as substantially as their critical bodily data so that the admonition might be provided with a low transmitting error rate. Moreover, the suitable information processing computation is sorted out to assure the preciseness. Consequently, competent firefighter’s individual protection is augmented considerably with strong anti-interference. In addition to this, a buzzer will be there on the side of firefighter like alarm when parameters like temperature, blood pressure, heart rate becomes abnormal so that they might not take the risk considering their body conditions.

SARS-CoV-2 Among Migrants Recently Arrived in Europe From Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Containment Strategies and Special Features of Management in Reception Centers

Despite the “migrants and COVID-19” topic has been neglected since felt marginal concerning other aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it represents a relevant public health issue in the European countries. This report describes COVID-19 containment strategies adopted in a large Italian reception center hosting recently arrived asylum-seeker migrants. Risk assessment and prevention measures adopted were described. Geo-spatial epidemiological analysis of the outbreak was reported. Significant gaps in the knowledge of self-protection measures from contagious diseases and in the perception of the pandemic risk were observed in migrants; health promotion activities, targeted to remove cultural barriers and improve behaviors appropriate to individual protection, were able to fulfill this gap. In low-resource settings, especially in closed communities, the implementation of social distancing strategies, the systematic use of individual protection devices, and active syndromic surveillance are essential tools to limit the risk of outbreaks. In the event of an outbreak, it is relevant to rapidly activate containment procedures based on systematic screening, isolation, and quarantine, taking into consideration the limits of tracing contacts within a closed community. Not being able to trace certain contacts, the geo-spatial epidemiological analysis of cases distribution could be key in the management of the outbreak. Interestingly, positive cases identified in our facility were all clinically pauci-symptomatic or asymptomatic. Dedicated strategies are needed to minimize the chance of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a limited space such as reception centers and a vulnerable population such as migrants.

in Design for the health emergency

The Pandemic has forced change, raising questions about design models, business models, incentives and community education. The urgency of containment measures has redefined the role of health and highlighted the role of Design, which is involved in emergency situations, in designing the universe of protective devices, intervening with Human Centered Design approaches, proposing shared strategies that translate the knowledge and experience of the most advanced research into products. The case study collects the results obtained from the elaboration of the research project financed by the Campania Region, “Smart&Safe. Design for new personal protective equipment” submitted to the call for the acquisition of research and development services for the fight against Covid-19. The research constitutes a substantial study of the problems related to health emergencies and proposes an update in the redesign of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), now in a plural Intelligent Individual Protection System (IIPS), which determine a relational system of integrated protection.

Testing Selected Personal Protection Items of Firefighters in Combined Conditions of Mechanical Loads and Temperatures Occurring during Gas LNG Leaks

The article examined selected individual protection used during rescue and fire-extinguishing activities. Fire helmet and special shoes were examined under conditions resembling the operational conditions of LNG gases. The assessment of the equipment consumption was based on strength tests. The main threats come from thermal and mechanical factors. Therefore, firefighters must properly protect their head and legs. At −80 °C, the energy of the impact force of the beater in the headache was, 12.4 J and 15.1 J for points P1 and P2, respectively. The studies showed that cooling the chamber to −80 °C adversely affected the structure of the fire helmet exposed to impact Dynamic. Research work was carried out as part of the Research and Development project No. DOB-BIO9/15/02/2018.

Immunity and Protection – Basic Considerations

Innate and adaptive immunity generate pathogen-specific antibodies and cells as basis for the efficacy and effectiveness of vaccines: immunity results in protection. For almost all currently licensed vaccines, functional antibodies are the most relevant mechanism of action; they work by binding of an antigen, agglutination, neutralization, complement activation and opsonization directed against specific pathogens or toxins. Immune memory generated by either infection or vaccine priming allows rapid production of antibodies and immune cells (3-7 days) upon later re-infection or (booster-) vaccination. Vaccine-induced immunity may result in protection even in the absence of any measurable specific antibodies at the time of infection – due to memory cells, and due to the effects of T-cells. CD4+ T-cells (“T-helper cells”) induce protection largely by cytokine production, CD8+ T-cells can directly or indirectly kill infected or cancerous cells and they can help clear infections. While antibodies against vaccine antigens can easily be measured by a variety of methods, testing for specific T-cell immunity is less well standardized and more difficult to perform. The term “seroprotection” indicates a serological value (e.g. a titre), associated with protection used for the purpose of vaccine licensure. Measurements of seroprotection can be the percentage of seroresponders, GMTs, fold rise of antibodies or RCD curves. In real life, many factors may contribute to individual protection in both, a positive and a negative direction, including factors inherent with the infecting pathogen, epidemiological factors, host factors, and characteristics of the vaccine and vaccination. Unlike general public belief, the “failure to vaccinate” is more relevant than “vaccine failures” in a population.

Child Protection Measures as a Legal Instrument for Child Protection at Tirana Municipality

For Albanian institutions and society, application of the protection measures comes not only as an innovation in the field of child rights and protection but especially as a legal instrument that for the first time attains to put the highest interest of the child and to guarantee his/her protection in time and according to the simplified legal procedure. This paper presents types of protection measures, child characteristics for which these measures have been in place, analysis of the process starting with the identification and evaluation of the risk till in confirming of the protection measure from the Court as well as all the progress of implementation of the Individual Protection Plan. The paper offers an analysis of the demographic and analytic factors on the motives and cases where protection measures are applied. 74 measures analyzed are 74 children's’ life's where the protection system has intervened to stave off from the risk and offer the services in a safe place. In 36 of them is being realized specialized supervision in family environment where through the Individual Protection Plan, despite family services, specialized support from child protection unit is being more intensive in family. In absence of foster families, the protection measure for child placement in alternative care is applied in residential care institutions or at their relatives. For emergent protection cases, all 23 children are placed in residential care institutions for children; 8 cases taken under immediate protection and other 13 cases taken under protection and placed in alternative care actually are not leaving in street condition but placed in a safe place meanwhile that child protection structure continue with empowering plans for families aiming at returning of child close to biological families. Received: 31 May 2021 / Accepted: 4 September 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021