Weak Genetic Explanation 20 Years Later

AbstractThe past decades have witnessed extensive efforts to correlate fitness traits with genomic heterozygosity. While positive correlations are revealed in most of the organisms studied, results of no/negative correlations are not uncommon. There has been little effort to reveal the genetic causes of these negative correlations. The positive correlations are regarded either as evidence for functional overdominance in large, randomly mating populations at equilibrium, or the results of populations at disequilibrium under dominance. More often, the positive correlations are viewed as a phenomenon of heterosis, so that it cannot possibly occur under within-locus additive allelic effects. Here we give exact genetic conditions that give rise to positive and negative correlations in populations at Hardy-Weinberg and linkage equilibria, thus offering a genetic explanation for the observed negative correlations. Our results demonstrate that the above interpretations concerning the positive correlations are not complete or even necessary. Such a positive correlation can result under dominance and potentially under additivity, even in populations where associated overdominance due to linked alleles at different loci is not significant. Additionally, negative correlations and heterosis can co-occur in a single population. Although our emphasis is on equilibrium populations and for biallelic genetic systems, the basic conclusions are generalized to non-equilibrium populations and for multi-allelic situations.

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Klasifikasi Bentuk Muka Bumi (Landform) untuk Pemetaan Geomorfologi pada Skala 1:25.000 dan Aplikasinya untuk Penataan Ruang

10.31227/osf.io/8ah6v ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Budi Brahmantyo ◽

Bandono Salim

Keyword(s):

Horizontal Layer ◽

Genetic Explanation ◽

Landscape Units ◽

Landform Units

Sari – Pembuatan peta geomorfologi, khususnya bagi mahasiswa geologi pemeta tugas akhir, dan umumnya bagi para ahli Geologi, kadang-kadang menimbulkan kesulitan pada tahap klasifikasi dan penamaan satuan geomorfologinya. Klasifikasi bentuk muka bumi ini dibuat untuk menjembatani kesulitan tersebut dengan tetap mendasarkan pada penjelasan genetis geologis. Dalam pembagian ini terdapat sembilan satuan bentang alam yang dikontrol baik oleh proses endogen maupun proses eksogen, yang masing-masing terbagi ke dalam beberapa satuan bentuk muka bumi. Kesembilan satuan bentang alam tersebut adalah: 1. Pegunungan Lipatan, 2. Pegunungan Plateau/Lapisan Datar, 3. Pegunungan Sesar, 4. Pegunungan Gunungapi, 5. Karst, 6. Sungai dan Danau, 7. Pantai, Delta dan Laut, 8. Gurun, 9. Glasial.Abstract – The development of geomorphologic map, especially for the students of geology, and also for geologists, faces a major problem in the stage of classifying and naming of its geomorphologic unit. This classification of landform tries to act as a bridge the problem which is still based on geologically genetic explanation. This classification is divided into nine landscape units that controlled by endogenic and/or exogenic processes, and each landscape is divided into several landform units. The landscape units are 1. Folded Mountain, 2. Plateau/Horizontal Layer Mountain, 3. Faulted or Block Mountain, 4. Volcanoes, 5. Karst, 6. River/Fluvial and Lake/Lacustrin, 7. Coastal, Delta and Marine, 8. Desert, 9. Glaciated Region.

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