Conditions for Positive and Negative Correlations Between Fitness and Heterozygosity in Equilibrium Populations

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 1333-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Wen Deng ◽  
Yun-Xin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Single Population ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Genetic Explanation ◽  
Genetic Causes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fitness Traits ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Non Equilibrium

AbstractThe past decades have witnessed extensive efforts to correlate fitness traits with genomic heterozygosity. While positive correlations are revealed in most of the organisms studied, results of no/negative correlations are not uncommon. There has been little effort to reveal the genetic causes of these negative correlations. The positive correlations are regarded either as evidence for functional overdominance in large, randomly mating populations at equilibrium, or the results of populations at disequilibrium under dominance. More often, the positive correlations are viewed as a phenomenon of heterosis, so that it cannot possibly occur under within-locus additive allelic effects. Here we give exact genetic conditions that give rise to positive and negative correlations in populations at Hardy-Weinberg and linkage equilibria, thus offering a genetic explanation for the observed negative correlations. Our results demonstrate that the above interpretations concerning the positive correlations are not complete or even necessary. Such a positive correlation can result under dominance and potentially under additivity, even in populations where associated overdominance due to linked alleles at different loci is not significant. Additionally, negative correlations and heterosis can co-occur in a single population. Although our emphasis is on equilibrium populations and for biallelic genetic systems, the basic conclusions are generalized to non-equilibrium populations and for multi-allelic situations.

Is Strategic Planning Worth the Effort? A Study of Firm Performance Versus Planning Comprehensiveness in Australia

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Devenish ◽  
Tom Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Finding ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Weak Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlations

AbstractThe planning-performance literature suggests that there is a weak positive correlation between strategic planning and financial performance. This study has been undertaken to determine whether this weak positive correlation is true for Australian firms.Strategic planning for the purposes of this study is arranged in three levels of planning complexity. A sample of 77 listed firms was surveyed to determine their level of planning complexity, and this was correlated with the firm's financial performance over a three year period.A range of statistical tests did not reveal any significant correlation between strategic planning at any of the three levels and the financial performance of the firm. This negative finding is generally in line with other recent studies conducted in Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom.However, positive correlations were found with several subjective performance measures, suggesting that respondents generally believe that strategic planning is helping their company.

scholarly journals Duality and hidden equilibrium in transport models

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouven Frassek ◽  
Cristian Giardina ◽  
Jorge Kurchan
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Time Reversal ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Equilibrium States ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Non Equilibrium

A large family of diffusive models of transport that have been considered in the past years admit a transformation into the same model in contact with an equilibrium bath. This mapping holds at the full dynamical level, and is independent of dimension or topology. It provides a good opportunity to discuss questions of time reversal in out of equilibrium contexts. In particular, thanks to the mapping one may define the free energy in the non-equilibrium states very naturally as the (usual) free energy of the mapped system.

OH Emission from Protostars

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 336-337
Author(s):  
I. D. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Class I ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Equilibrium Situation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Maser Action ◽  
Non Equilibrium

There is a large body of evidence to suggest that the anomalous OH emission sources—particularly those which are classified as class I sources—are associated with protostars. It is also known, from the theories brought forward over the past four years, that maser action can be caused by quite a variety of non-equilibrium situations. It is argued here that one particular kind of non-equilibrium situation which can plausibly be expected to exist in protostars is very similar to that proposed previously in the electron-pumping model, and that, in this new context, it can mimic most of the observed features of class I sources.

scholarly journals Recent variations and regional relationships in Northern Hemisphere snow cover

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Robinson ◽  
Allan Frei ◽  
Mark C. Serreze
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
North American ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
The Past ◽  
Positive Correlations

An analysis of snow-cover variability over Northern Hemisphere land masses reveals a continuation of the subnormal coverage that began in the late 1980s (relative to the 1972–present interval). While the 1994 snow year (September 1993–August 1994) exhibited a return to near-normal hemispheric extent, only three months during this period had above-normal coverage. Only 11 of the past 88 months (through October 1994) have been above the norm. Deficits have been most common in spring, over both the Eurasian and North American continents. This is a hemisphere-wide situation; positive correlations are identified between hemispheric and regional snow extents in spring, as well as in fall and winter. A number of significant associations are also recognized between regions during these three seasons; however, it is uncommon to see more than 50% of the variance in one region explained by another. These correlations are most common between adjacent regions, but some are found between regions on different continents. Only in spring are significant positive relationships between non-adjacent regions on the same continent observed.

Correlation between vaspin and PANSS scores in schizophrenia patients with obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-280
Author(s):  
Hülya Ertekin ◽  
Sema Uysal ◽  
Memduha Aydın ◽  
Bilge İlhan ◽  
Yusuf Haydar Ertekin
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Negative Syndrome

Objective Metabolic abnormalities such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, and abnormal levels of plasma adipokines have been observed in patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the differences and correlations of plasma vaspin levels with metabolic parameters in patients with schizophrenia and to compare with healthy controls. Method We measured plasma levels of vaspin and metabolic parameters of 100 patients with schizophrenia and 95 healthy controls. Patients with schizophrenia were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and The Global Assessment of Functioning. Results Mean levels of body mass index, waist circumference, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of the patients were statistically higher than those of the healthy controls (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, p = 0.03, and p = 0.002, respectively). Plasma levels of vaspin were 0.96 ± 0.73 ng/ml in patients with schizophrenia and 0.29 ± 0.15 ng/ml in the healthy controls (p < 0.001). Plasma vaspin levels were statistically higher in patients with schizophrenia than healthy controls both in groups with and without metabolic syndrome and obesity (p < 0.001). Plasma vaspin levels showed a positive correlation with triglyceride in patients with schizophrenia (r = 0.26, p = 0.007). There were positive correlations between vaspin and PANSS scores in schizophrenia patients with obesity (PANSS Positive: r = 0.42, p = 0.01; PANSS Negative: r = 0.42, p = 0.01; PANSS General: r = 0.43, p = 0.01; PANSS Total: r = 0.47, p = 0.006). Conclusions Our study showed a significant relationship and positive correlation between vaspin and PANSS scores in schizophrenia patients with obesity. Vaspin may play an important role in the metabolic processes of patients with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Validity of Weight Estimation Models in Pigs Reared under Different Management Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvelous Sungirai ◽  
Lawrence Masaka ◽  
Tonderai Maxwell Benhura
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Large White ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

A study was carried out to determine the relationship between linear body measurements and live weight in Landrace and Large White pigs reared under different management conditions in Zimbabwe. Data was collected for body length, heart girth, and live weight in 358 pigs reared under intensive commercial conditions. The stepwise multiple linear regression method was done to develop a model using a random selection of 202 records of pigs. The model showed that age, body length, and heart girth were useful predictors of live weight in these pigs with significantly high positive correlations observed. The model was internally validated using records of the remaining 156 pigs and there was a significantly high positive correlation between the actual and predicted weights. The model was then externally validated using 40 market age pigs reared under communal conditions and there was a significantly low positive correlation between the actual and predicted weights. The results of the study show that while linear measurements can be useful in predicting pig weights the appropriateness of the model is also influenced by the management of the pigs. Models can only be applicable to pigs reared under similar conditions of management.

scholarly journals Variation and relationships of morphological traits, shoot yields and essential oil contents of four Anthemis species

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Alizadeh ◽  
Ali Ashraf Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
The Family ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract Anthemis L. is a genus of aromatic flowering plants in the family Asteraceae and is native to Iran. In this research, 62 accessions of four chamomile species including Anthemis tinctoria, A. triumfetti, A. haussknechtii and A. pseudocotula were evaluated for morphological traits. Four experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Institute of Forest and Rangeland, Tehran, Iran in 2011. Data were collected for the morphological traits for all of the species and essential oil content for A. triumfetti and A. pseudocotula. The results showed that plant height was positively correlated with canopy area for all of the species except A. triumfetti (p < 0.01). There were positive correlations between flower number with plant height and canopy area in both A. tinctoria and A. haussknechtii (p < 0.01). Fresh and dry weight were positively correlated with canopy area and plant height in all of the species (p < 0.01), except A. tinctoria for canopy area and A. triumfetti for plant height. GDD had a positive correlation with canopy area for A. triumfetti (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between essential oil yield and plant height, fresh and dry weight in A. triumfetti and A. pseudocotula (p < 0.05). Using cluster analysis (Ward method), the accessions of A. triumfetti, A. tinctoria, A. haussknechtii and A. pseudocotula were grouped into 3, 2, 4 and 2 clusters, respectively. The results of cluster analysis separated the accession based on shoot yield, morphological traits and maturity. In some items, the accessions within each cluster were coordinated with their geographical provenance.

scholarly journals Correlación entre pensamiento táctico y el desarrollo de las habilidades técnicas y físicas de jugadores de fútbol infantil (Correlation between tactical thought and the development of the technical and physical skills of child soccer players)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
Saúl Ignacio Vega Orozco ◽  
Fernando Bernal Reyes ◽  
Omar Ivan Gavotto Nogales ◽  
Hector Manuel Sarabia Sainz ◽  
Mario Alberto Horta Gim
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Numerical Equality ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Physical Skills ◽  
Los Grupos

 El presente trabajo pretende evidenciar la correlación entre el nivel de pensamiento táctico de los jugadores de fútbol infantil de nivel iniciación en la mejora de las habilidades técnicas y físicas. Metodología: participaron 26 jugadores de fútbol infantil de ocho y nueve años con dos grupos: un grupo con desigualdad numérica y otro con igualdad, ambos con 13 participantes. A los dos grupos se les aplicó una batería de pruebas físicas y técnicas, así como el test del conocimiento táctico ofensivo en el fútbol (TCTOF). Los grupos estuvieron expuestos a un programa de entrenamiento de 16 sesiones. Resultados: Los jugadores pertenecientes al nivel muy bajo, solo mostraron cambios significativos negativos en la correlación flexibilidad-fuerza en piernas y pase-conducción del grupo con igualdad numérica. Los jugadores de nivel bajo mostraron cambios significativos positivos en las correlaciones de flexibilidad-fuerza en piernas, flexibilidad-cabeceo y cabeceo-fuerza en piernas. En cambio, los participantes de nivel regular (el más elevado en nuestra investigación) produjeron correlaciones significativas positivas entre golpeo de pierna no dominante-flexibilidad y este mismo golpeo con la resistencia aeróbica en el grupo con igualdad numérica. Por su parte, el grupo con igualdad numérica presentó diferencias significativas entre la fuerza-flexibilidad, velocidad-flexibilidad, pase-flexibilidad, pase-fuerza en piernas, pase-velocidad, pase-resistencia, pase-cabeceo, golpeo-regate, golpeo-conducción y golpeo con pierna no dominante-cabeceo. Conclusión: existe una correlación positiva entre el nivel de pensamiento táctico ofensivo en el fútbol con el desarrollo de las habilidades técnicas y físicas, es decir, mientras mayor sea este nivel, mayores cambios significativos se producirán en sus habilidades.  Abstract. This work aims to evidence the correlation between the level of tactical thinking of the starting level children's football players in improving technical and physical skills. Methodology: 26 eight- and nine-year-old children's football players participated with two groups: one group with numerical inequality and one with equality, both with 13 participants. The two groups were given a battery of physical and technical tests, as well as the test of tactical offensive knowledge in football (TCTOF). The groups were exposed to a 16-session training program. Results: Players at the very low level only showed changes significant negative in the correlation the flexibility and strength of the legs and pass and running of the ball in the group with numerical equality. Low-level players showed significant positive changes in correlations of flexibility and strength in legs, flexibility and heading, and heading and strength in legs. In contrast, regular-level participants (the highest in our research) produced significant positive correlations between shooting the ball with the non-dominant leg and flexibility and this same shooting the ball with the non-dominant leg with the aerobic resistance in the group with numerical equality. For its part, the group with numerical equality presented significant differences between strength and flexibility, speed and flexibility, pass the ball and flexibility, pass the ball and force in legs, pass the ball and speed, pass the ball and resistance, pass and heading the ball, shoot the ball with dominant leg and dribbling, shoot the ball with dominant leg and running with the ball, and heading the ball with shoot the ball non-dominant leg. Conclusion: there is a positive correlation between the level of tactical offensive thinking in football with the development of technical and physical skills, the higher this level, the greater significant changes in your skills.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Perekonomian Keluarga terhadap Penggunaan BPJS Kesehatan Desa Cileles Jatinangor

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Anisa Nurfiani ◽  
Estro Dariatno Sihaloho
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Section Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to determine whether or not there is a family economic relationship to the use of Cileles Jatinangor Village Health BPJS. Factors that are influenced by the family economy include, the average family income per month, number of family dependents, monthly BPJS Health installments, how often each family goes to health facilities in the past month, and how many times the use of BPJS Health by each family in the past month. The study was conducted by direct observation of each family in Cileles Jatinangor Village. This study took data as much as 60 samples of the family of Cileles Jatinangor Village. In this study the type of data used is Cross Section Data, meaning that the data obtained is data that is obtained only in one time and has many objects or samples. The data obtained will be processed using stata14 which is quantitative data and followed by simple regression using the OLS (Ordinary Least Square) approach. The results and discussion show that the variables have a negative correlation, the number of dependents has a negative correlation, the cost of BPJS has a positive correlation, the check up has a positive correlation, the use of BPJS has a positive correlation, and all variables are significant at the level of 10%.

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