Does Nitrogen Dioxide Affect Inflammatory Markers after Nasal Allergen Challenge?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 560-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Barck ◽  
Joachim Lundahl ◽  
Mats Holmström ◽  
Gunnar Bylin
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Eosinophil Cationic Protein ◽  
Allergen Challenge ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Cationic Protein ◽  
Nasal Allergen Challenge ◽  
Ambient Levels

Background Exposure to high ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) enhances the bronchial inflammatory reaction to allergen in humans. We tested whether this NO2 effect occurs also in the upper airways. Methods Sixteen allergic subjects with rhinitis and mild asthma were exposed at rest to either purified air or 500 μg/m3 NO2 for 30 minutes, followed 4 hours later by a nasal allergen challenge. Nasal lavage was performed before air/NO2 exposure, before allergen challenge, and 1, 4 and 18 hours after allergen challenge. Symptoms were recorded. Results The percentage of eosinophils and neutrophils, eosinophil cationic protein, and myeloperoxidase were similar after exposure to air + allergen and to NO2 + allergen. We noticed a tendency to increased sneezing the day after exposure to NO2 + allergen. Conclusion The priming effect of an ambient brief NO2 exposure on subsequent allergic response was not noticeable in activation of inflammatory cells and mediators in the upper airways.

The Effect of Cetirizine on Nasal Allergic Response

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Small ◽  
Doreen Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Late Phase ◽  
Eosinophil Cationic Protein ◽  
Allergen Challenge ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Allergic Response ◽  
Response Threshold ◽  
Cationic Protein ◽  
Nasal Allergen Challenge

The effect of cetirizine on both early and late nasal allergic response was assessed in 15 ragweed sensitive patients. All patients were challenged before treatment and after 7 days of cetirizine 10 mg qd. Clinical assessments and measurements of mediators were performed at baseline, after positive challenge, 1 and 2 hours later, and repeated 7 and 8 hours later. There was a significant change (P < 0.0001) in the early response threshold to ragweed challenges after cetirizine. There were early phase elevations of prostaglandin D2, leukotriene C4, and eosinophil cationic protein both pre and post-treatment. Late phase changes were difficult to detect, but a statistically significant rise of both prostaglandin D2 and histamine was diminished after cetirizine treatment. Cetirizine clinically inhibited the early response to nasal allergen challenge, but early mediators were not affected. An effect on the late phase could not be clearly demonstrated.

scholarly journals The kinetics of allergen-induced transcription of messenger RNA for monocyte chemotactic protein-3 and RANTES in the skin of human atopic subjects: relationship to eosinophil, T cell, and macrophage recruitment.

1995 ◽  
Vol 181 (6) ◽  
pp. 2153-2159 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ying ◽  
L Taborda-Barata ◽  
Q Meng ◽  
M Humbert ◽  
A B Kay
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Eosinophil Cationic Protein ◽  
Allergen Challenge ◽  
Eosinophil Infiltration ◽  
Cationic Protein ◽  
Monocyte Chemotactic Protein ◽  
Chemotactic Protein ◽  
Kinetics Of

The C-C chemokines RANTES and monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3) are potent chemoattractants in vitro for eosinophils and other cell types associated with allergic reactions. We tested the hypothesis that the allergen-induced infiltration of eosinophils, T cells, and macrophages in the skin of atopic subjects is accompanied by the appearance of mRNA+ cells for RANTES and MCP-3. Cryostat sections were obtained from skin biopsies from six subjects 6, 24, and 48 h after allergen challenge. Tissue was processed for immunocytochemistry (ICC) and for in situ hybridization using 35S-labeled riboprobes for RANTES and MCP-3. In contrast to diluent controls, allergen provoked a significant increase in mRNA+ cells for MCP-3, which peaked at 6 h and progressively declined at 24 and 48 h. This paralleled the kinetics of total (major basic protein positive [MBP]+) and activated (cleaved form of eosinophil cationic protein [EG2]+) eosinophil infiltration. The allergen-induced expression of cells mRNA+ for RANTES was also clearly demonstrable at 6 h. However, the numbers were maximal at 24 h and declined slightly at the 48-h time point. The number of mRNA+ cells for RANTES paralleled the kinetics of infiltration of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells whereas the number of CD68+ macrophages was still increasing at 48 h. These data support the view that MCP-3 is involved in the regulation of the early eosinophil response to specific allergen, whereas RANTES may have more relevance to the later accumulation of T cells and macrophages.

scholarly journals Eosinophil: A central player in modulating pathological complexity in asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
Pulak Pritam ◽  
Sanjeet Manna ◽  
Abhishek Sahu ◽  
Shasank Sekhar Swain ◽  
Shankar Ramchandani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eosinophil Cationic Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Eosinophilic Asthma ◽  
Cationic Protein ◽  
Asthma Phenotype ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Activated State ◽  
Tissue Factors

Eosinophils are the major inflammatory cells which play a crucial role in the development of allergic and non-allergic asthma phenotypes. Eosinophilic asthma is the most heterogeneous phenotype where activated eosinophils are reported to be significantly associated with asthma severity. Activated eosinophils display an array of cell adhesion molecules that not only act as an activation marker, suitable for assessing severity, but also secrete several tissue factors, cytokines and chemokines which modulate the clinical severity. Eosinophil activations are also strictly associated with activation of other hetero cellular populations like neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, and platelets which culminate in the onset and progression of abnormal phenotypes such as bronchoconstriction, allergic response, fibrosis instigated by tissue inflammation, epithelial injury, and oxidative stress. During the activated state, eosinophils release several potent toxic signaling molecules such as major basic proteins, eosinophil peroxidase, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and lipid mediators, rendering tissue damage and subsequently leading to allergic manifestation. The tissue mediators render a more complex manifestation of a severe phenotype by activating prominent signaling cross-talk. Here, in the current review with the help of search engines of PubMed, Medline, etc, we have tried to shed light and explore some of the potent determinants regulating eosinophil activation leading to asthma phenotype.

scholarly journals Comparative clinical and airway inflammatory features of asthmatics with or without polyps

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-425
Author(s):  
Lara Bilodeau ◽  
Marie-Eve Boulay ◽  
Philippe Prince ◽  
Pierre Boisvert ◽  
Louis-Philippe Boulet
Keyword(s):  
Asthma Control ◽  
Eosinophil Cationic Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Induced Sputum ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Cationic Protein ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

BACKGROUND: Nasal polyposis (NP) is associated with a more severe and steroid-resistant asthma. OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical and airway inflammatory features of asthmatics with or without NP. METHODS: Two groups of asthmatic patients were studied: group 1; n=39, with NP; group 2; n=40, without NP. Asthma control was assessed according to the Asthma Control Scoring System (ACSS). Expiratory flows, induced sputum, and blood eosinophils were also measured. RESULTS: ACSS score was lower (poorer control) in group 1 (meanA+-SEM = 73A+-3%) compared with group 2 (82A+-2%, p=0.01). FEV1 (mean of predicted value A+- SEM) was 81A+-3 for group 1 and 96A+-3 for group 2 (p=0.001), and the FEV1/FVC ratio was lower in group 1 (70A+-2%) compared with group 2 (76A+-1%, p=0.01). Blood and induced sputum eosinophils, as well as fibronectin and eosinophil cationic protein levels, were higher in group 1. CONCLUSION: Asthmatic subjects with NP have increased airway obstruction, increased inflammatory cells and reduced asthma control compared to those without NP. This may suggest a contribution of nasal polyps to the severity of asthma or a common susceptibility to develop upper and lower airways mucosal inflammation.

Unilateral nasal allergen challenge leads to bilateral release of prostaglandin D2

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. WAGENMANN ◽  
F. M. BAROODY ◽  
M. DESROSIERS ◽  
W. C. HUBBARD ◽  
S. FORD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergen Challenge ◽  
Prostaglandin D2 ◽  
Nasal Allergen Challenge
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