scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF MUCOSUBSTANCES IN THE DEVELOPING RAT HEART

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 896-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGER R. MARKWALD ◽  
WILLIAM N. ADAMS SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
Developing Rat ◽  
Fibroblastic Cells

Mucosubstances (MS) were examined in 10½-14½-day embryonic rat hearts utilizing nonaqueous fixatives or formaldehyde vapor-fixed frozen sections hydrated in concentrated solutions of cetylpyridinium chloride. Ribonuclease-resistant, polyanionic sites were limited to the extracellular cardiac jelly, endocardium and fibroblastic cells (cushion tissue) associated with the endocardium. The cardiac jelly and endocardium of day 10½ embryos principally contained a hyaluronic acid-like carboxylated mucosubstance whose alcianophilia at pH 2.5 was abolished by hyaluronidase but was resistant to NaOH extraction and neuraminidase and trypsin digestion. A critical electrolyte concentration of 0.2 M MgCl2 abolished alcianophilia. On days 13½-14½ carboxylated MS were restricted to cushion tissue and partially resisted mild methylation. Sulfated MS were limited to primitive endocardial cells which gave origin to cushion tissue. Dye deposits of aldehyde fuchsin, high iron diamine or Alcian Blue (pH 1.0) were localized on cell surfaces and such staining was prevented by strong (60°C) methylation. Hyaluronidase sensitivity of sulfated MS decreased with gestation. The critical electrolyte concentration varied from 0.5-0.7 M MgCl2 on days 11½-12½ to 0.8-0.9 M MgCl2 after day 12½. The sulfated MS of endocardial cells were preceded by a transitory accumulation of diastase-resistant, periodic acid-Schiff-positive material. Possible roles of MS in normal and abnormal cardiac septation processes are discussed.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIGESTION WITH STREPTOMYCES HYALURONIDASE UPON CERTAIN HISTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF HYALURONIC ACID-CONTAINING TISSUES

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 794-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUYORI YAMADA
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
High Iron ◽  
Azure A ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
Testicular Hyaluronidase

The effect of digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase upon certain histochemical reactions of hyaluronic acid-containing tissues has been studied in a series of human, mammalian and avian specimens. These histochemical reactions are those for the demonstration of neutral and sulfated and nonsulfated acid mucosaccharides such as periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian Blue (pH 1.0), azure A (pH 1.5), high iron diamine, aldehyde fuchsin, Alcian Blue (pH 2.5), Alcian Blue (pH 2.5)-periodic acid Schiff, azure A (pH 4.5), low iron diamine and colloidal iron. In addition, the effect of digestion with testicular hyaluronidase upon the same reactions of the same tissues was observed for comparison. Digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase diminishes the staining reactions due to hyaluronic acid but fails to affect those for neutral and sulfated acid mucosaccharides. These results indicate that digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase is a method of choice for the identification of hyaluronic acid in mucosaccharide histochemistry.

scholarly journals Functional anatomy of the lacrimal gland in African black ostrich Struthio camelus domesticus in the embryonic and postnatal period

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Klećkowska-Nawrot ◽  
Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk ◽  
Renata Nowaczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Krasucki
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Struthio Camelus ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
African Black

The aim of the present study was morphological and histochemical analysis of the lacrimalgland (LG) in African black ostrich Struthio camelus domesticus in the embryonic and postnatalperiod. Studies were conducted on 50 ostriches aged between the 28th day of incubation until7 months old. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Azan trichrome,periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian blue pH 2.5, aldehyde fuchsin and Hale’s dialysed iron. The LGin ostrich was classified as a tubulo-acinar type. The primordia of the lobes were determinedin the LG structure on the 28th day of incubation, whilst the weakly visible lobes with aciniand tubules were observed on the 40th day of incubation. Morphometric studies of the LGshowed steady growth, characterised by an increase in both length and width. Histometricmeasurements of lobe size showed little difference between the first, second and third agegroups, whilst in the fourth age group a marked increase in size of lobes was observed.The study showed that, apart from morphological changes, during the growth of the LGthe character of acid mucopolysaccharides changed. Sulphated acid mucopolysaccharideswere indicated, particularly with aldehyde fuchsin (AF) staining in the fourth age group.The Hale’s dialysed iron (HDI) staining showed a low concentration of carboxylated acidmucopolysaccharides in the first and second age groups and a higher concentration in thethird and fourth age groups. Periodic acid-Schiff staining (PAS)-positive cells were observedin each age group, but only a small number of cells with a weakly PAS-positive reaction weredemonstrated in the first age group.

The Identification of Thyrotrophin-secreting Cells in the Pituitary Gland of the Minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus)

1955 ◽  
Vol s3-96 (34) ◽  
pp. 193-201
Author(s):  
E. J. W. BARRINGTON ◽  
A. J. MATTY
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Phoxinus Phoxinus ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
Median Zone ◽  
Cytological Characteristics

Evidence is given for the existence of two main types of cyanophil cell in the median zone of the glandular lobe (adenohypophysis) of the minnow, distinguishable by their distribution and by their cytological characteristics. Both types are positive to the periodic acid Schiff (PAS) technique, but one (type 2 of this account) also gives a positive response to the aldehyde-fuchsin (AF) technique of Gomori, as used by Halmi and by Purves and Griesbach in studies of the mammalian pituitary. In fish which have been immersed in thiouracil solution the type 2 cells show degranulation and vacuolation, and their characteristic positive AF response is very greatly weakened or lost. For these reasons the type 2 cells are believed to be responsible for the secretion of thyrotrophin, and appear to be very closely comparable with the thyrotroph cells of the pituitary of the rat.

scholarly journals HUMAN PITUITARY LUTEINIZING HORMONE: AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. REES MIDGLEY
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Pars Tuberalis ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Human Pituitary Gland ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin

Luteinizing hormone (LH) was localized immunohistochemically to cells in the pars anterior and pars tuberalis of the human pituitary gland. Upon restaining with a variety of histochemical procedures, LH-containing cells were found to be aldehyde fuchsin and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive; however, the intensity of histochemical staining failed to correlate with that of fluorescence. Only a few of the PAS- or aldehyde fuchsin-positive cells contained LH. In contrast to the above, with the performic acid-alcian blue-PAS-organge G sequence of Adams, all cells containing LH were turquoise colored, alcian blue-positive (S1 mucoid cells) and vice versa. This study was performed with antiserum specific for human chorionic gonadotropin which was shown to cross react in immunodiffusion analysis with purified human pituitary luteinizing hormone and to be capable of neutralizing its biological activity.

scholarly journals Histochemical and biometric study of the gastrointestinal system of Hyla orientalis (Bedriaga, 1890) (Anura, Hylidae)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Akat ◽  
H. Arıkan ◽  
B. Göçmen
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
System Integrity ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

This study was carried out to assess the localization of hyaluronic acid (HA) and the distribution of glycoproteins in the gastrointestinal system of adult Hyla orientalis. Histochemical analysis of the gastrointestinal system in H. orientalis showed that mucous content included glycogene and/or oxidable dioles [periodic acid/Schiff (PAS)+], neutral or acid-rich (PAS/AB pH 2.5+), sialic acid residues (KOH/PAS+) and acid sulphate [Aldehyde fuchsin (AF)+] glycoproteins. However the mucus content was not the same in stomach, small and large intestine. The mucus content of stomach included only glycogene and/or oxidable dioles and sialic acid residues. Besides these histochemical methods, the localization of HA was detected using biotinylated hyaluronic acid binding protein labeled with streptavidin-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). In the extracellular matrix of the submucosa, the reaction for HA was evident. Since HA was located in submucosa beneath the epithelial layer of gastrointestinal system, it has a significant role in hydric balance, and essential to provide the gastrointestinal system integrity and functionality. According to biometric results, there were statistical differences between small and large intestine in terms of the amount of material stained positive with PAS/AB, PAS, KOH/PAS and AF/AB. Additionally, number of goblet cells in the small and large intestine was significantly different.

scholarly journals Isolation and some structural analyses of a proteodermatan sulphate from calf skin

1983 ◽  
Vol 213 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Nakamura ◽  
E Matsunaga ◽  
H Shinkai
Keyword(s):  
Core Protein ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Dermatan Sulphate ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Cscl Density Gradient ◽  
Calf Skin

A proteodermatan sulphate was isolated from 0.15 M-NaCl and 0.45 M-NaCl extracts of newborn-calf skin. The proteoglycan was separated from collagen and hyaluronic acid by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride and CsCl-density-gradient centrifugation. Further purification was performed by ion-exchange, affinity and molecular-sieve chromatography. The proteoglycan bound to concanavalin A-Sepharose in 1 M-NaCl. It gave a positive reaction with periodic acid/Schiff reagent and contained 8.3% of uronic acid. The dermatan sulphate, the only glycosaminoglycan component, was composed of 74% iduronosylhexosamine units and 26% glucuronosylhexosamine units. The Mr was assessed to be 15000-20000 by gel chromatography. The core protein was found to be a sialoglycoprotein that had O-glycosidic oligosaccharides with N-acetylgalactosamine at the reducing termini. The molar ratio of oligosaccharide chains to dermatan sulphate was approx. 3:1. From these results the proposed structure of proteodermatan sulphate is: one dermatan sulphate chain (average Mr 17500), three O-glycosidic oligosaccharide chains and probably N-glycosidic oligosaccharide chain(s) bound to one core-protein molecule (Mr 55000).

THE BIOLOGY OF THE LEYDIG CELL: HISTOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES FOLLOWING HIGH EPIDIDYMAL OBSTRUCTION

1960 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. BAILLIE
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Material ◽  
Testicular Histology

SUMMARY Fourteen albino male mice were subjected to bilateral section and ligation of the epididymis at a point just distal to the proximal lobules of the head, and were killed 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks after operation. One testis was studied using the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) technique, the other by frozen sections. The weight of the seminal vesicle was taken as an indicator of androgen output. Testicular histology remained unchanged during the 6 months after operation, and there was no alteration in the weight or cytology of the seminal vesicles. An attempt is made to relate the findings to current views on Leydig cell biology. The postoperative occurrence of abnormal Leydig cells is described: these cells contain abundant PAS-positive cytoplasmic material (? glycoprotein) and have not previously been noted. Their anatomical and physiological significance is not clear.

CHANGES IN THE BASOPHIL CELLS OF THE RAT PITUITARY AFTER THYROIDECTOMY

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. PURVES ◽  
W. E. GRIESBACH
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Luteinizing Hormones ◽  
Intense Reaction ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Thyrotrophic Hormone ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Schiff Reagent

SUMMARY The basophil cells of the rat pituitary may be differentiated into three specific types—thyrotrophs, FSH gonadotrophs, and LH gonadotrophs. These types are considered to secrete the thyrotrophic, follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, respectively. The glycoprotein granules of the thyrotrophs differ from those of the other types in being strongly stained by aldehyde-fuchsin. After thyroidectomy the thyrotrophs are almost completely degranulated within 2 days. The degranulated cells thereafter enlarge and can be recognized as early thyroidectomy cells by the 6th day. After thyroxine deficiency, lasting 2 weeks or longer, the thyroidectomy cells contain coarse dense granules ('T' granules) which give an intense reaction with the periodic acid-Schiff reagent for carbohydrate. These 'T' granules are different from the 'normal' granules and are apparently not related to the thyrotrophic hormone. In mild thyroxine deficiency produced by iodothiouracil administration, thyrotrophs are observed with 'normal' granules and also 'T' granules of the kind seen in thyroidectomy cells. This observation provides additional evidence that thyroidectomy cells are modified thyrotrophs.

scholarly journals ALDEHYDE-FUCHSIN FOR PITUITARY CYTOCHEMISTRY

1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERBERT ELFTMAN
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Solution ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Basic Fuchsin ◽  
Tissue Component ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
Background Staining

The component of the aldehyde-fuchsin stain which is useful for pituitary staining requires more delicate manipulation than the elastic tissue component. Manufacture of the stain for pituitary purposes may he shortened to 26 hours by subjecting a 0.5% basic fuchsin solution in 70% ethanol, 0.75% paraldehyde and 1.25% HCl to incubation at 37°C. The pH of this solution precludes background staining, allowing aldehyde-fuchsin to be followed by the periodic acid-Schiff routine. Aldehyde fuchsin may be rejuvenated by adding basic fuchsin in alcoholic solution. Oxidation of pituitary tissue allows aldehyde-fuchsin to stain not only thyrotrophs but gonadotrophs as well and accentuates the staining of the hypothalamic hormones and the Golgi bodies. Since some fixatives, such as dichromates, oxidize tissue, assay of the significance of aldehyde-fuchsin staining involves awareness of the influence of the particular fixative employed. Spectrophotometric analysis of young and old aldehyde-fuchsin stains supports the assumption that staining of the pituitary thyrotrophs may involve other constituents of the stain complex than those relied on for elastic tissue visualization.

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