scholarly journals What I have learnt from helping thousands of people taper off antidepressants and other psychotropic medications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204512532199127
Author(s):  
Adele Framer
Keyword(s):  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Drug Withdrawal ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Medical Providers ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Withdrawal Syndromes

Although psychiatric drug withdrawal syndromes have been recognized since the 1950s – recent studies confirm antidepressant withdrawal syndrome incidence upwards of 40% – medical information about how to safely go off the drugs has been lacking. To fill this gap, over the last 25 years, patients have developed a robust Internet-based subculture of peer support for tapering off psychiatric drugs and recovering from withdrawal syndrome. This account from the founder of such an online community covers lessons learned from thousands of patients regarding common experiences with medical providers, identification of adverse drug reactions, risk factors for withdrawal, tapering techniques, withdrawal symptoms, protracted withdrawal syndrome, and strategies to cope with symptoms, in the context of the existing scientific literature.

High doses of benzodiazepine predict analgesic and sedative drug withdrawal syndrome in paediatric intensive care patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. e538-e543 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Amigoni ◽  
E Vettore ◽  
V Brugnolaro ◽  
L Brugnaro ◽  
D Gaffo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Drug Withdrawal ◽  
Paediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Sedative Drug ◽  
Intensive Care Patients ◽  
High Doses

Semantic Information Retrieval on Medical Texts

2022 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Lynda Tamine ◽  
Lorraine Goeuriot
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Semantic Search ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Search Systems

The explosive growth and widespread accessibility of medical information on the Internet have led to a surge of research activity in a wide range of scientific communities including health informatics and information retrieval (IR). One of the common concerns of this research, across these disciplines, is how to design either clinical decision support systems or medical search engines capable of providing adequate support for both novices (e.g., patients and their next-of-kin) and experts (e.g., physicians, clinicians) tackling complex tasks (e.g., search for diagnosis, search for a treatment). However, despite the significant multi-disciplinary research advances, current medical search systems exhibit low levels of performance. This survey provides an overview of the state of the art in the disciplines of IR and health informatics, and bridging these disciplines shows how semantic search techniques can facilitate medical IR. First,we will give a broad picture of semantic search and medical IR and then highlight the major scientific challenges. Second, focusing on the semantic gap challenge, we will discuss representative state-of-the-art work related to feature-based as well as semantic-based representation and matching models that support medical search systems. In addition to seminal works, we will present recent works that rely on research advancements in deep learning. Third, we make a thorough cross-model analysis and provide some findings and lessons learned. Finally, we discuss some open issues and possible promising directions for future research trends.

scholarly journals Vulnerability Concepts and its Application in Various Fields: A Review on Geographical Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 63-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shitangsu Kumar Paul
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Sustainability Science ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Sustainable Livelihoods ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Research Cooperation ◽  
Research Traditions ◽  
Universal Definition

Vulnerability has no universal definition. Experts from various disciplines use the concept and define vulnerability, which leads diverse measuring methods to serve their own purpose and interests. Approaches to define vulnerability vary among the disciplines because of the various components of risk, household response and welfare outcomes. The objective of this paper is to present an overview based on available scientific literature from various disciplines to examine the origin, evolution and use of the vulnerability concept across different field of studies. Vulnerability is exclusively used in various disciplines such as geography, anthropology, economics, ecology, public health, poverty and development, sustainable livelihoods, famine and food security, sustainability science, land management, disaster management and climate change. Therefore, different disciplines have their own reasons for defining, measuring and developing conceptual models of vulnerability; hence there is no reason to presume that concepts, measures and methods will be universal across the disciplines. Lessons learned from one area may not be equally suitable for all. Hence, differences between various fields need to be bridged by a holistic approach and multidisciplinary research cooperation, and geography as a unique multidisciplinary field of study has the major disciplinary legitimacy to fill up the gaps and to create a common platform to work together in vulnerability research among the various research traditions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20150 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 63-81, 2013

scholarly journals Cross-country learning in public procurement: An exploratory study

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Nijboer ◽  
Shirin Senden ◽  
Jan Telgen
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Hard Evidence ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

All countries use public procurement to some degree to further policy objectives such as sustainability, innovation, fighting fraud and corruption, value for taxpayers' money etc. Countries may learn from past successes and failures in other countries while implementing these policies: cross-country learning. In this exploratory study, we investigate cross-country learning across two frequently used policy areas: sustainability and innovation. A threefold methodology was used that consisted of (1) an extensive review of scientific literature complemented by (2) a thorough examination of policy documents and (3) interviews with leading public procurement experts from 10 countries including both developing and developed countries. The main findings indicate that there is no hard evidence for cross-country learning. Even if cross-country learning would exist, the lessons learned seem to remain largely implicit.

Neuroendocrinology of Stress and Addiction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Kinsey ◽  
Olivia Vanegas ◽  
Kristen Trexler ◽  
Floyd Steele ◽  
Matthew Eckard
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Drug Withdrawal ◽  
Host Organism ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Drug Abstinence ◽  
Withdrawal Syndromes ◽  
Development Of Tolerance

The stress response evolved as a series of neural and endocrine mechanisms that protect the host organism from threats to homeostasis. Repeated use of psychotropic drugs can lead to the development of tolerance (i.e., decreased drug activity at a given dose) and drug dependence, as indicated by withdrawal syndromes following drug abstinence. Drug withdrawal is often overtly stressful, although acute drug exposure may also represent a threat to homeostasis. This article explores the neuroendocrine effects of drugs of abuse and some of the ways in which stress and appetitive mechanisms interact.

scholarly journals Dependence, withdrawal and rebound of CNS drugs: an update and regulatory considerations for new drugs development

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Lerner ◽  
Michael Klein
Keyword(s):  
Drug Withdrawal ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Abrupt Discontinuation ◽  
Cns Drugs ◽  
Withdrawal Syndromes ◽  
Clinical Drug

Abstract The purpose of this article is to describe dependence and withdrawal phenomena related to CNS drugs discontinuation and to clarify issues related to the evaluation of clinical drug withdrawal and rebound as they relate to safety in new drug development. The article presents current understanding and definitions of drug dependence and withdrawal which are also relevant and important features of addiction, though not the same. Addiction, called substance use disorder in DSM-5, affects an individual’s brain and behaviour, represents uncontrollable drug abuse and inability to stop taking a drug regardless of the harm it causes. Characteristic withdrawal syndromes following abrupt discontinuation of CNS-active drugs from numerous drug classes are described. These include drugs both scheduled and non-scheduled in the Controlled Substances Act, which categorizes drugs in five schedules based on their relative abuse potentials and dependence liabilities and for regulatory purposes. Schedules 1 and 2 contain drugs identified as those with the highest abuse potential and strictest regulations. Less recognized aspects of drug withdrawal, such as rebound and protracted withdrawal syndromes for several drug classes are also addressed. Part I presents relevant definitions and describes clinical withdrawal and dependence phenomena. Part II reviews known withdrawal syndromes for the different drug classes, Part III describes rebound and Part IV describes protracted withdrawal syndromes. To our knowledge, this is the first compilation of withdrawal syndromes for CNS drugs. Part V provides details of evaluation of dependence and withdrawal in the clinical trials for CNS drugs, which includes general design recommendations, and several tools, such as withdrawal questionnaires and multiple scales that are helpful in the systematic evaluation of withdrawal. The limitations of different aspects of this method of dependence and withdrawal evaluation are also discussed.

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