An Examination of the Relative Associations of Prototype Favorability, Similarity, and Their Interaction With Alcohol and Alcohol-Related Risky Sexual Cognitions and Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Dana M. Litt ◽  
Melissa A. Lewis ◽  
Anne M. Fairlie ◽  
Maya K. Head-Corliss
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Predictive Utility ◽  
Sexual Cognitions ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
And Behavior

Prototypes are defined as the image a person holds of the typical person who engages in risk behavior and are comprised of favorability toward the prototype and similarity to the prototype. Despite both being posited as important prototype dimensions, the findings regarding their predictive utility are mixed, and most research has focused on alcohol use and not other related risk behaviors. Thus, the present study examined whether both prototype dimensions (prototype favorability, prototype similarity) as well as their interaction predicted alcohol and alcohol-related sexual cognitions and behavior. Results from 294 emerging adults indicated that prototype similarity (but not prototype favorability or their interaction) predicted both behavioral and cognitive outcomes. Results suggest that researchers utilizing prototypes should be mindful of which prototype dimensions they include in their guiding theory and subsequent clinical applications.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use, Mental Health, and HIV-related Risk Behaviors among Adult Men in Karnataka

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (S1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhabika B. Nayak ◽  
Rachael A. Korcha ◽  
Vivek Benegal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Related Risk

scholarly journals Party Panel: the architecture of a semi-panel study to flexibly map determinants of nightlife risk behaviors and inform prevention efforts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gjalt - Jorn Ygram Peters ◽  
Judith Noijen
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Related Risk

Like other forms of recreation. nightlife participation has numerous benefits but also entails a number of risks. This justifies prevention efforts to reduce the associated harms, and to be effective, such prevention efforts need to be based in theory and evidence. Party Panel is an annual semi-panel study among Dutch nightlife patrons where each year, the determinants of a different nightlife-related risk behavior are studied. The data on these determinants and sub-determinants are then analysed using confidence-interval based estimation of relevance (CIBER) plots and reported back to prevention workers to make this evidence available to inform intervention development, and data and other resources are made publicly available. In this manuscript, the design of this study is presented. The discussed workflow can help enhance the quality and thereby effectiveness of prevention efforts. As all materials are public, this workflow can feasibly be adapted to other countries.

Drug-Related HIV Risk Behaviors and Cocaine Preference among Injection Drug Users in Los Angeles

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Longshore ◽  
M. Douglas Anglin ◽  
Shih-Chao Hsieh ◽  
Kiku Annon
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Needle Sharing ◽  
Heroin Users ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Injection Frequency

Based on a 1988–91 sample of 422 drug-using arrestees in Los Angeles, this study compares the drug-related risk behavior of users whose preferred injection drug is cocaine and users with a preference for heroin or no preference between the two drugs. Cocaine preference is unrelated to the likelihood of needle sharing overall, needle sharing with strangers, needle sharing at shooting galleries, and failure to use bleach as a needle disinfectant. In analyses restricted to users who reported needle sharing, the frequency of sharing is no more closely related to heroin injection frequency than to cocaine injection frequency. These results suggest that local preventive education programs do not need to address distinctive patterns of drug-related risk behavior among injection cocaine users and injection heroin users in Los Angeles.

The role of personality disorders on drug dependence treatment outcomes following inpatient detoxification

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Haro ◽  
C. Mateu ◽  
J. Martínez-Raga ◽  
J.C. Valderrama ◽  
M. Castellano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Opiate Abuse ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Substance Dependent ◽  
Hiv Risk Reduction Interventions

AbstractAimsThe present 6 month follow-up study was conducted to investigate the possible influence of comorbid personality disorders on drug treatment, as well as associated psychopathology and HIV-related risk behaviors outcomes.Subjects and methodsData were collected initially from a consecutive sample of 74 patients with a diagnosis of opiate abuse or dependence, admitted for inpatient detoxification.ResultDuring intake, 80.9% of patients reported at least one HIV-related risk behavior in the previous 6 months. Not using condoms during sexual intercourse was the most common and the only risk behavior that showed a statistically significant reduction over the follow-up period. A total of 58.1% of subjects had at least one personality disorder (PD). Borderline PD was the most prevalent. However, antisocial PD was the only PD that influenced substance use outcomes. The presence of this diagnosis increased the chance of worse opiate use outcomes, but decreased likelihood of not using condoms. Patients with low obsessive–compulsive PD dimensional scores showed a significant increase in the number of risk behaviors. However, these influences were only seen at the 3-month follow-up assessment.ConclusionsThese results suggest that personality disorders need to be considered when planning effective interventions for opiate dependent individuals and when preparing and evaluating HIV risk-reduction interventions, particularly for the more severe substance dependent patients.

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