scholarly journals The Relationship Between Audiovisual Binding Tendencies and Prodromal Features of Schizophrenia in the General Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Odegaard ◽  
Ladan Shams
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
General Population ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Spatial Task ◽  
Multisensory Perception ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian Inference ◽  
The Relationship

Current theoretical accounts of schizophrenia have considered the disorder within the framework of hierarchical Bayesian inference, positing that symptoms arise from a deficit in the brain’s capacity to combine incoming sensory information with preexisting priors. Here, we present the first investigation to examine the relationship between priors governing multisensory perception and subclinical, prodromal features of schizophrenia in the general population. We tested participants in two complementary tasks (one spatial, one temporal) and employed a Bayesian model to estimate both the precision of unisensory encoding and the prior tendency to integrate audiovisual signals (i.e., the “binding tendency”). Results revealed that lower binding tendency scores in the spatial task were associated with higher numbers of self-reported prodromal features. These results indicate decreased binding of audiovisual spatial information may be moderately related to the frequency of prodromal characteristics in the general population.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Bayesian inference for concurrent model fitting and comparison for group studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e1007043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Piray ◽  
Amir Dezfouli ◽  
Tom Heskes ◽  
Michael J. Frank ◽  
Nathaniel D. Daw
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian Inference

scholarly journals The material-weight illusion is a Bayes-optimal percept under competing density priors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan A K Peters ◽  
Ling-Qi Zhang ◽  
Ladan Shams
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Weight Perception ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian ◽  
Inference Process ◽  
Haptic Information ◽  
Principled Explanation ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian Inference ◽  
Weight Illusion

The material-weight illusion (MWI) is one example in a class of weight perception illusions that seem to defy principled explanation. In this illusion, when an observer lifts two objects of the same size and mass, but that appear to be made of different materials, the denser-looking (e.g., metal-look) object is perceived as lighter than the less-dense-looking (e.g., polystyrene-look) object. Like the size-weight illusion (SWI), this perceptual illusion occurs in the opposite direction of predictions from an optimal Bayesian inference process, which predicts that the denser-looking object should be perceived as heavier, not lighter. The presence of this class of illusions challenges the often-tacit assumption that Bayesian inference holds universal explanatory power to describe human perception across (nearly) all domains: If an entire class of perceptual illusions cannot be captured by the Bayesian framework, how could it be argued that human perception truly follows optimal inference? However, we recently showed that the SWI can be explained by an optimal hierarchical Bayesian causal inference process (Peters, Ma & Shams, 2016) in which the observer uses haptic information to arbitrate among competing hypotheses about objects’ possible density relationship. Here we extend the model to demonstrate that it can readily explain the MWI as well. That hierarchical Bayesian inference can explain both illusions strongly suggests that even puzzling percepts arise from optimal inference processes.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Bayesian inference for concurrent model fitting and comparison for group studies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Piray ◽  
Amir Dezfouli ◽  
Tom Heskes ◽  
Michael J. Frank ◽  
Nathaniel D. Daw
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian Inference

AbstractComputational modeling plays an important role in modern neuroscience research. Much previous research has relied on statistical methods, separately, to address two problems that are actually interdependent. First, given a particular computational model, Bayesian hierarchical techniques have been used to estimate individual variation in parameters over a population of subjects, leveraging their population-level distributions. Second, candidate models are themselves compared, and individual variation in the expressed model estimated, according to the fits of the models to each subject. The interdependence between these two problems arises because the relevant population for estimating parameters of a model depends on which other subjects express the model. Here, we propose a hierarchical Bayesian inference (HBI) framework for concurrent model comparison, parameter estimation and inference at the population level, combining previous approaches. We show that this framework has important advantages for both parameter estimation and model comparison theoretically and experimentally. The parameters estimated by the HBI show smaller errors compared to other methods. Model comparison by HBI is robust against outliers and is not biased towards overly simplistic models. Furthermore, the fully Bayesian approach of HBI enables researchers to quantify uncertainty in group parameter estimates, for each candidate model separately, and to perform statistical tests on parameters of a population.

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