Effect of commercial rye whole-meal bread on postprandial blood glucose and gastric emptying in healthy subjects

1. Three studies were carried out in each of six normal volunteers to investigate how lipid, when given at different stages during the course of a meal, affects gastric emptying and postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations.2. The control meal consisted of 300 ml beef consommé (50 kJ, 12 kcal), followed 20 min later by 300 g mashed potato (908 kJ, 217 kcal). In the two test meals, 60 g margarine were incorporated into either the soup or the mashed potato.3. The addition of margarine to either component of the meal delayed gastric emptying of the mashed potato (P< 0.05), but the pattern varied according to the component to which the fat was added.4. Incorporation of fat into the soup increased the lag phase (P< 0.05) but did not influence the slope of emptying of the mashed potato, while incorporation of fat into the mashed potato reduced the slope of emptying of the mashed potato (P< 0.05) but did not influence the lag phase.5. Addition of fat to either component of the meal reduced postprandial blood glucose (P< 0.05) and insulin responses, but when the fat was incorporated in the soup, peak glucose and insulin responses were delayed as well (P< 0.05).6. The results show that the effect of fat on gastric emptying and absorption of nutrients depends on when, in relation to the other components of the meal, the fat is consumed.

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Effects of lipase inhibition on gastric emptying and alcohol absorption in healthy subjects

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/bjn20061922 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 96 (5) ◽

pp. 883-887 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Reawika Chaikomin ◽

Antonietta Russo ◽

Christopher K. Rayner ◽

Christine Feinle-Bisset ◽

Deirdre G. O'Donovan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Gastric Emptying ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Blood Alcohol ◽

Sulfur Colloid ◽

Initial Rise ◽

A Minor ◽

Control Plasma ◽

Lipase Inhibition

The rate of alcohol absorption is dependent on gastric emptying (GE). As the slowing of GE by fat is dependent on lipolysis, orlistat may increase the rise in blood alcohol when alcohol is consumed with, or after, fat. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of orlistat on GE and blood alcohol after an alcohol-containing drink following a fat ‘preload’, in healthy subjects. Ten healthy males consumed 120 ml cream with or without 120 mg orlistat, 30 min before an alcohol-containing drink labelled with 20 MBq [99 mTc]sulfur colloid on 2 d. GE, plasma alcohol and blood glucose were measured. GE was slightly faster with orlistat (P<0·05) compared with control. Plasma alcohol at 15 min was slightly higher with orlistat (0·034 (sem 0·006) g/100 ml) v. control (0·029 (sem 0·005) g/100 ml) (P<0·05), but there was no effect on the area under the curve 0–240 min. The increase in blood glucose was greater with orlistat, for example, at 15 min (1·07 (sem 0·2) mmol/l) v. control (0·75 (sem 0·2) mmol/l) (P=0·05). The rise in blood glucose and plasma alcohol were related (for example, at 15 min r 0·49; P=0·03). In conclusion, lipase inhibition accelerates GE of an alcohol-containing drink following a fat ‘preload’ with a minor increase in the initial rise in plasma alcohol.

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Chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) improves postprandial glycemic response in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose and in healthy subjects: a crossover, randomized controlled trial

Nutrition and Diabetes ◽

10.1038/s41387-019-0099-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sarang Jeong ◽

Jung Min Cho ◽

Young-In Kwon ◽

Seong-Chul Kim ◽

Dong Yeob Shin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Test Group ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

Abstract Background The antidiabetic and hypoglycemic effects of chitosan have been reported in previous studies. We have previously shown that chitosan oligosaccharide reduces postprandial blood glucose levels in vivo. We conducted a short-term crossover study to support the results of the previous study. Methods The study was a randomized, double-blind, controlled crossover trial completed at one clinical research site. Subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose and healthy subjects were randomly assigned to consume one of two different experimental test capsules that differed in only the sample source (GO2KA1 vs placebo), and all subjects were instructed to consume the 75 g sucrose within 15 min. After a 7-day interval, the subjects consumed the other capsules that were not consumed on the first day. We assessed blood glucose levels using a 2-h oral sucrose tolerance test. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03650023). Results The test group showed significantly lower blood glucose levels at 60 min (p = 0.010) and postprandial blood glucose areas under the curve (p = 0.012). The change in blood glucose levels at 60 min was significantly lower in the test group than in the placebo group (p = 0.017). Conclusions Based on the results of this study, the consumption of chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) supplements with a meal can effectively reduce postprandial blood glucose levels, which is relevant to the prevention of diabetes.

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