Floral biology, breeding system and pollination ecology of an endangered tree Tetracentron sinense Oliv. (Trochodendraceae)

ABSTRACTThe floral biology, breeding system and pollination of Caryocar brasiliense were studied in the cerrado vegetation of Central Brazil. The large, yellowish-cream, brush-like flowers are pollinated mainly by glossophagine bats (Glossophaga soricina and Anoura geoffroyi). Three non-glossophagine bats (Phyllostomus discolor, Vampyrops lineatus and Carollia perspicillata) and two short probosisced hawk moths (Erinyis ello and Pseudosphinx tetrio) may also act as occasional pollinators. Caryocar brasiliense is self-compatible although it sets significantly more fruits when crossed than when selfed. The natural fruit set (fruit/flower ratio) and seed set (seed/ovule ratio) are 3.1% and 1.0% respectively. Most of the fruits and seeds are formed through the action of the flower visitors, despite the fact that about 20% of the non-visited flowers receive self pollen on at least one stigma.

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FLORAL BIOLOGY AND BREEDING SYSTEM IN CARDIOCRINUM GIGANTEUM (LILIACEAE), A PERENNIAL BULBIFEROUS HERB IN YUNNAN PROVINCE IN CHINA

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2013.977.14 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 133-142

Author(s):

W.L. Guan ◽

Y.F. Li ◽

X. Chen ◽

S.F. Li ◽

J. Song

Keyword(s):

Breeding System ◽

Yunnan Province ◽

Floral Biology

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Polinização de Vellozia candida Mikan (Velloziaceae) nos Afloramentos Rochosos do Costão de Itacoatiara, Niterói, RJ: Um Caso de Melitofilia em Inselbergue do Brasil

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v5i1.164 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 29-32

Author(s):

Fábio Castro Verçoza

Keyword(s):

Floral Biology ◽

Pollination Ecology ◽

Reproductive Phenology ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Rock Outcrops ◽

Floral Visitors ◽

Rocky Outcrops ◽

And Behavior ◽

Effective Pollinator

Este trabalho apresenta dados sobre a fenologia reprodutiva, a biologia floral e a ecologia da polinização de Vellozia candida Mikan (Velloziaceae) nos afloramentos rochosos do Costão de Itacoatiara, Niterói, RJ. Uma população de dez indivíduos da espécie foi estudada nessa localidade no período de junho de 2006 a dezembro de 2008. Foram realizadas observações sobre período de floração, morfologia, cor e odor das flores, ocorrência e comportamento dos visitantes florais. A floração de V. candida ocorreu de setembro a dezembro nos dois anos consecutivos do estudo. As flores são brancas, nectaríferas e exalam odor suave e adocicado. Reúnem características típicas da síndrome da melitofilia e foram intensamente visitadas por três espécies de abelhas. Xylocopa ordinaria Smith se destacou como o polinizador efetivo da espécie estudada. Por ser uma abelha de grande porte e robusta, durante a coleta de néctar e de pólen, deposita este último no estigma, polinizando as flores. Pollination of Vellozia candida Mikan (Velloziaceae) on Rock Outcrops of Costão de Itacoatiara, Niterói, RJ: A Case of Mellitophily Inselberg BrazilAbstract. This paper presents data on the reproductive phenology, floral biology and pollination ecology of Vellozia candida Mikan (Velloziaceae) on rocky outcrops of Costão Itacoatiara, Niterói, RJ. A population of ten individuals of the species was studied in this location from June 2006 to December 2008. Observations were made on flowering period, morphology, color and odor of flowers, the occurrence and behavior of floral visitors. The flowering of V. candida occurred from September to December in two successive years of study. The flowers are white, exude nectar and sweet odor. Meet typical syndrome melitophyly and were intensively visited by three species of bees. Xylocopa ordinaria Smith stood out as the effective pollinator of the species studied. Being a bee large and robust, while collecting nectar and pollen, the latter deposited on the stigma, pollinating the flowers.

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Adaptive response of extreme epiphyte Tillandsia species (Bromeliaceae) is demonstrated by different sexual reproduction strategies in the Brazilian Chaco

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/botlinnean/boz104 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 192 (4) ◽

pp. 840-854

Author(s):

Aline C Gomes ◽

Bruno H S Ferreira ◽

Camila S Souza ◽

Luan M M Arakaki ◽

Camila Aoki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breeding System ◽

Reproductive Strategies ◽

Extreme Environments ◽

Extreme Environment ◽

Floral Biology ◽

Reproduction Strategies ◽

Pollen Vectors ◽

Self Compatibility ◽

Floral Visitors ◽

Selection For

Abstract Some epiphytes are adapted to extreme environments with the ability to survive drought as a result of their morphological (xeromorphism), anatomical (foliar trichomes or scales) and physiological features. In contrast to vegetative features, they may have diverse sexual reproductive strategies. Here we compared the flowering morphology, floral biology, breeding system and pollinators of Tillandsia duratii, T. loliacea and T. recurvifolia (Bromeliaceae) adapted to an extreme environment, the Brazilian Chaco. Tillandsia duratii and T. recurvifolia flower for 5–6 months, whereas T. loliaceae flowers for 11 months, mainly in the dry season, with low to high flowering overlap between them. Although these species generally show similar flowering morphology, they differ in size, colour, odour and/or floral functionality, suggesting non-sharing of pollinators among them. Bimodal pollination occurs in T. duratii (bees, moths other than hawkmoths) and T. recurvifolia (butterflies, hummingbirds); in T. loliacea, we recorded no floral visitors. Tillandsia recurvifolia is self-incompatible, has flowers which approach herkogamy and protandry, and depends on pollen vectors for fruit set. The other two species show reverse herkogamy, autonomous self-pollination and self-compatibility (mixed breeding system); therefore, pollinators are not required. The disparity in reproductive strategies among the three species suggests the possibility of selection for diverse modes of reproduction.

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BREEDING SYSTEM AND POLLINATION ECOLOGY OF TRIENTALIS BOREALIS (PRIMULACEAE)

American Journal of Botany ◽

10.1002/j.1537-2197.1983.tb06408.x ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 408-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Roger C. Anderson ◽

Michael H. Beare

Keyword(s):

Breeding System ◽

Pollination Ecology

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Pollination ecology and breeding system ofOroxylum indicum(Bignoniaceae) in the foothills of the Western Himalaya

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467408005634 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 93-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Vikas ◽

Mayank Gautam ◽

Rajesh Tandon ◽

H. Y. Mohan Ram

Keyword(s):

Breeding System ◽

Western Himalaya ◽

Pollination Ecology ◽

Ceiba Pentandra

Bat-pollinated (chiropterophilous) flowers are characterized by a wide-throated corolla, foetid odour, production of a copious amount of pollen and nectar, and most importantly nocturnal blooming (Faegri & van der Pijl 1979). In India, out of the 28 chiropterophilous plants reported (Subramanya & Radhamani 1993) onlyCeiba pentandra(Bombacaceae) has been investigated in some detail (Nathanet al. 2005).

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The pollination ecology of durian (Durio zibethinus, Bombacaceae) in southern Thailand

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467408005531 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 85-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Sara Bumrungsri ◽

Ekapong Sripaoraya ◽

Thanongsak Chongsiri ◽

Kitichate Sridith ◽

Paul A. Racey

Keyword(s):

Floral Biology ◽

Pollination Ecology ◽

Fruit Bats ◽

Pollination Experiments ◽

Pollination Success ◽

Durio Zibethinus ◽

Fruit Bat ◽

Southern Thailand ◽

Fruit Orchards ◽

Frequent Visitor

Abstract:The floral biology and pollination ecology of durian, Durio zibethinus, were determined in eight semi-wild trees in mixed-fruit orchards in southern Thailand during April-May 2003 and 2005. Flowers open fully at 16h00–16h30 and most androecia drop around 01h00. Anthers dehisce at 19h30–20h00 when the stigmata are already receptive. In a series of pollination experiments, fruit was set in all treatments within 10 d. The greatest pollination success occurred after hand-crossed (76.6%), open (54.4%) and emasculation pollination (53.3%). Consistently, hand-crossed (12.2%), emasculation (8.7%) and open pollination (5.1%) yielded a substantial fruit set 2 mo after the pollination experiments. Very low pollination success in facilitated autogamy suggests that most durian trees are highly self incompatible. No mature fruit was found after insect pollination and automatic autogamy. Fruit bats, especially Eonycteris spelaea, are the major pollinators of this durian although the giant honey bee (Apis dorsata) was the most frequent visitor to the flowers. Bats visited durian flowers at the rate of 26.1 (SD = 20.7) visits per inflorescence per night. Since this semi-wild durian depends on fruit bats as its pollinator, protecting fruit bat populations and their roosts is vital for the production of the durian fruit crop.

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Vertebrate pollination of the endemic Trochetia granulata (Malvaceae) on Réunion

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467413000278 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 353-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Timothée Le Péchon ◽

Mickaël Sanchez ◽

Laurence Humeau ◽

Luc D.B. Gigord ◽

Li-Bing Zhang

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Breeding System ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Pollination Ecology ◽

Floral Traits ◽

Compatibility Studies ◽

Video Recordings ◽

Hand Pollination ◽

Pollen Vector

Abstract:The pollination ecology and breeding system of Trochetia granulata (Malvaceae), an endemic tree species from Réunion were studied. In 2010–2011, compatibility studies were conducted on a total of 154 flowers from 35 different individuals using three different hand pollination treatments: (a) autofertility, (b) self-pollination and (c) cross-pollination. During the period, we also studied the pollination ecology of T. granulata. During 48 h of video recordings, we tracked flower visits to T. granulata in six different sites and studied the behaviour of the visitors. The results from the hand-cross experiments show that T. granulata is self-compatible (60.8% fruit set) but cannot produce fruit (5.4% fruit set) without the visit of a pollen vector. During surveys, four different visitors were reported: the introduced honey bee (Apis mellifera), two endemic species of white-eye (Zosterops borbonicus borbonicus and Z. olivaceus) and the endemic Réunion day gecko (Phelsuma borbonica). This study documented a new case of vertebrate-pollination by lizard and birds in an insular context. These interactions might be linked to several uncommon floral traits of Trochetia species.

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