The occurrence of mobulid rays at St Helena Island, Cardno seamount and Bonaparte seamount in the South Atlantic and its significance for conservation

Data from 369 sightings of mobulid rays from St Helena Island, Cardno and Bonaparte seamounts in the South Atlantic are summarised. 50 % (183) of sightings were observed from a boat, 48 % (176) of sightings were encountered in water, of which 95 % (168) were whilst actively scuba diving. 2 % (10) of mobulid ray sightings were observed from land. Sightings data indicate that the Chilean devil ray Mobula tarapacana (Philippi, 1892) is a frequent visitor to St Helena and is present all year. We document the first photographic evidence of the presence of oceanic manta, Mobula birostris (Walbaum, 1792) at St Helena. Two solitary individuals were photographed off the north coast of St Helena in June 2018. These sightings confirm previous unverified reports on the species occurrence and extend the known distribution range of M. birostris in the open South Atlantic Ocean to 16°S.

Plague discourse, quarantine and plague control in early modern England: 1578–1625

Plague was a frequent visitor to early modern England, ravishing the whole country six times between 1563 and 1666. The plague problem was, however, definitely not just an English peculiarity. Plague, due to its recurrent and devastating outbreaks, was one of the central themes of late sixteenth-century medical scholarship and social policymaking. Plague was regulated mainly at the local levels, but most of the continental regulations and contemporary guidance seems to endorse two common features. They placed considerable emphasis on contagion and drew certain correlations between contacting plague and poverty on the one hand and meagre living conditions on the other hand. In some desperate attempts, the Elizabethan and Jacobean governments, set out to contain the spread of the disease, missing some marked features of these novel continental practices, issued various ill-suited regulations which dominated English plague control from 1578 to 1666. Despite these regulations' remarkably egalitarian overtone and seemingly charitable resolutions, this paper argues that the Elizabethan and Jacobean policies of plague control were destined to failure chiefly because of their elitist and inconsiderate measures, reducing them effectively to a harsh policy of confinement of the infected poor masses, taking almost no account of their health or well-being.

Mental Health Assessment of the Frequent Visitor-Part 2: Assessment and Interventions

This article is the second part of a two-part series on mental health in school-age children. The focus of this article is on mental health assessment in the school setting, including the use of screening tools, with a review of common medications prescribed for youth with anxiety and depression. Students with mental health conditions frequently seek refuge in the school health office, many times for psychosomatic complaints such as stomach ache, headache, nausea, and fatigue. School nurses need to be adept to assess mental health and intervene as necessary.

First documented records of Black-throated Flower-piercer, Diglossa brunneiventris (Lafresnaye, 1846) (Aves, Thraupidae), and Least Tern, Sternula antillarum (Lesson, 1847) (Aves, Laridae), on the southern coast of Peru

We report Black-throated Flower-piercer, Diglossa brunneiventris (Lafresnaye, 1846), and Least Tern, Sternula antillarum (Lesson, 1847), in the Tambo river estuary, Islay province, Arequipa department, Peru. Both species are newly documented from the southern coast of Peru. It is probable that D. brunneiventris has descended from the higher, inland portion of the Tambo river basin to the estuary. Sternula antillarum is considered a frequent visitor to the South American Pacific coast.

Abraham Maslow: The Last Weekend

Abraham Maslow died suddenly of a heart attack in June 1970 at the peak of his intellectual renown and influence. This is an account of his final weekend as described in hand-written notes by the first author, who was a frequent visitor to the Maslow home in the San Francisco Bay area at the time. This account, which sheds new light on Maslow’s personal life, interests, and plans, has been edited for readability with contextual notes provided by the second author.

Representations of Maghrebians' Immigrant Life in France in Two Literary Generations: A Multilevel Cognitive Stylistic Reading of Driss Chraibi’s Les boucs and Azouz Begag’s Le gone du Chaaba

<em>While political analysts, economists, cultural studies scholars have all been offering insightful analyses of the different matters relating to immigrant life in different parts of the world, this article reaches for a first-hand testimony in two autobiographical novels by two internationally recognized Maghrebian novelists who respectively represent the first and second generations of Maghrebian immigrants in France. In a rather innovative manner, the portrayal of immigrant life in the two novels is analyzed from a cognitive stylistic perspective, and informed by the author’s multiple research viewpoints, those of a Maghrebian literature critic, a francophone postcolonial studies researcher and a frequent visitor to France carrying the concerns of an extended family based there. The interest in style during our close reading of these largely autobiographical narratives is based on the assumption that an author's style is a reflection of their attitude and worldview. Chraibi’s novel Les Boucs (1955) is as timely now as it was in the day of its first appearance for its balanced and largely objective analysis of the sociological, psychological and economic conditions of North African immigrants. Stylistically, Les boucs features a close correlation between its form and content in that the chaotic nature of immigrant life is formally embodied in Chraibi's non-linear mode of writing. In contrast to the bleak picture presented throughout Chraibi's text, Begag's convivial approach oozes hope for his readers who come to realize the futility of continuing to curse the state of deprivation and inequity while there can always be ways setbacks can be turned into opportunities. The study uses a qualitative method of stylistic analysis and applies the two necessary principles of 'contextualization' and 'comprehensiveness' to ensure a high degree of analytical and interpretive validity.</em>

Harvey Broome

Harvey Broome was born in Knoxville, Tennessee, within sight of the Great Smoky Mountains. Although his parents lived in town, his grandparents farmed, and as a boy, Harvey was a frequent visitor to their land. Broome graduated from the University of Tennessee in 1923 and Harvard Law School in 1926. Returning to East Tennessee, he worked as a law clerk and attorney for his entire professional career....

Hawkmoth pollination of the orchid Habenaria clavata: mechanical wing guides, floral scent and electroantennography

Floral morphology can play a key role in mechanically guiding pollinators towards reproductive structures, particularly when visibility is limited at night, but the functional significance of morphological traits has seldom been considered in this context. Here we describe a remarkably intricate pollination mechanism in the hawkmoth-pollinated African grassland orchid Habenaria clavata, and also document aspects of the reproductive success and chemical ecology of this pollination system. The flowers are pollinated by several short-tongued hawkmoths, particularly Basiothia schenki, which was the most frequent visitor and occurred at all sites. Moths are probably attracted by the strong scent, which was dominated by several oxygenated aromatics that also elicited strong electrophysiological responses from antennae of B. schenki. Apart from the white rostellum lobes and stigma, which serve as a visual guide to the spur entrance, the flower parts are entirely green and indistinguishable from leaves in terms of spectral information. Using motion-activated video cameras we established that the leading edges of the forewings of foraging hawkmoths contact the two upwardly curving petal lobes, and that hawkmoths are then apparently mechanically guided down onto the reproductive structures. Pollinaria are attached in an unusual place – among hairs on the ventral surface of the thorax, between the middle legs – and are brushed over the protruding stigma lobes when the proboscis is fully inserted in the 41-mm-long spur. These results highlight how multiple traits (morphology, spectral reflectance and scent) can act synergistically to ensure transfer of pollen among flowers.

ARMORUM STUDIUM: GLADIATORIAL TRAINING AND THE GLADIATORIAL LUDUS

In his Apologia (98.7), written about ad 158, Apuleius laments the fact that his former ward, the noble young Sicinius Pudens, has been allowed to abandon his studies and is instead spending his time in taverns and with prostitutes and, worst of all, has become a frequent visitor at the local gladiatorial school. Pudens has come to know all the gladiators’ names, their ‘fights and wounds’, and has even started receiving instruction from the lanista himself. In this paper, I investigate the possible reasons why aristocratic Roman youth (iuvenes) might have sought weapons-training and the means by which these young men could have accessed such training in connection with a gladiatorial ludus. The investigation additionally considers the organization of gladiators and their trainers in the ludus.