EFEKTIVITAS ANALGETIK KRIM TIPE M/A EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN RANDU (Ceibapentandra (L) Gaertn) PADA HEWAN UJI MENCIT JANTAN

Randu plant leaves (Ceiba pentandra (L) Gaertn) are commonly used in traditional medicine, one of which is an analgesic with secondary metabolites which are thought to be analgesics, namely flavonoids. The purpose of this study was to determine the analgesic effectiveness of the ethanol extract cream of randu leaves (Ceiba pentandra (L) Gaertn) in white male mice (Mus musculus). The research on the analgesic effectiveness of the ethanol extract cream of randum leaves used the hot plate method and used male white mice as the experimental animal media. The soles of the hind legs of the mice were heated over hot plated with a temperature of 550C then the test animals were given the treatment which was divided into 5 treatment groups, namely positive control (Conterpain cream), negative control (F0), F1 (10%), F2 (15%), F3 (20%) and 1 normal group. The response of mice was calculated every 30 minutes in 120 minutes. The data obtained were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA statistical test followed by the Duncan test with a confidence level of 99%. The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed that there were significant differences between treatment groups (0.00 <0.05). The results of the Duncan test showed that the group that provided the best analgesic effectiveness was F2 (15%) but not better than Positive Control.

Bioepoxy based hybrid composites from nano-fillers of chicken feather and lignocellulose Ceiba Pentandra

In this work, fillers of waste chicken feather and abundantly available lignocellulose Ceiba Pentandra bark fibers were used as reinforcement with Biopoxy matrix to produce the sustainable composites. The aim of this work was to evaluate the mechanical, thermal, dimensional stability, and morphological performance of waste chicken feather fiber/Ceiba Pentandra bark fiber filler as potential reinforcement in carbon fabric-layered bioepoxy hybrid composites intended for engineering applications. These composites were prepared by a simple, low cost and user-friendly fabrication methods. The mechanical (tensile, flexural, impact, hardness), dimensional stability, thermal stability, and morphological properties of composites were characterized. The Ceiba Pentandra bark fiber filler-reinforced carbon fabric-layered bioepoxy hybrid composites display better mechanical performance compared to chicken feather fiber/Ceiba Pentandra bark fiber reinforced carbon fabrics layered bioepoxy hybrid composites. The Scanning electron micrographs indicated that the composites exhibited good adhesion at the interface of the reinforcement material and matrix system. The thermogravimetric studies revealed that the composites possess multiple degradation steps, however, they are stable up to 300 °C. The thermos-mechanical studies showed good dimensional stability of the composites. Both studied composites display better thermal and mechanical performance compared to neat bioepoxy or non-bioepoxy thermosets and are suitable for semi-structural applications.

Performance of Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) Engine Using Ceiba Pentandra Biodiesel and Hydrogen Fuel Combination

An existing diesel engine was fitted with a common rail direct injection (CRDi) facility to inject fuel at higher pressure in CRDi mode. In the current work, rotating blades were incorporated in the piston cavity to enhance turbulence. Pilot fuels used are diesel and biodiesel of Ceiba pentandra oil (BCPO) with hydrogen supply during the suction stroke. Performance evaluation and emission tests for CRDi mode were carried out under different loading conditions. In the first part of the work, maximum possible hydrogen substitution without knocking was reported at an injection timing of 15° before top dead center (bTDC). In the second part of the work, fuel injection pressure (IP) was varied with maximum hydrogen fuel substitution. Then, in the third part of the work, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), was varied to study the nitrogen oxides (NOx) generated. At 900 bar, HC emissions in the CRDi engine were reduced by 18.5% and CO emissions were reduced by 17% relative to the CI mode. NOx emissions from the CRDi engine were decreased by 28% relative to the CI engine mode. At 20%, EGR lowered the BTE by 14.2% and reduced hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide by 6.3%, 30.5% and 9%, respectively, compared to the CI mode of operation.

IDENTIFIKASI JENIS DAN KONDISI POPULASI TUMBUHAN PAKU (Pteridophyta) DI BLOK KOLEKSI TAMAN HUTAN RAYA WAN ABDUL RACHMAN

Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman memiliki Blok Koleksi yang salah satunya berfungsi melestarikan jenis-jenis tumbuhan, termasuk jenis-jenis tumbuhan paku (Pteridophyta). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tumbuhan paku, kerapatan populasi tiap jenis, serta jenis tumbuhan paku yang dominan. Penelitian dilakukan secara survai dengan metode garis berpetak dengan intensitas sampling sebesar 2%. Luas Blok Koleksi adalah 141,18 ha, luas seluruh plot sampel adalah 28.236 atau sebanyak 70 buah plot. Hasil penelitian teridentifikasi 16 jenis tumbuhan paku yang terdiri atas 3 jenis paku epifit, 4 jenis paku epifit dan terestrial, dan 9 jenis paku terrestrial pada kondisi tegakan hutan yang tersusun oleh 39 jenis tumbuhan dengan kerapatan 1.078,4 individu/ha. Jenis tumbuhan paku yang ditemukan yakni Adiantum pediantum, Asplenium pellucidum, Athyrium japonicum, Cyclosorus parasiticus, Davallia denticulata,Drynaria sparsisora, Thelypteris sp., Stenoclaena polustris, Goniophlebium verrucosum, Leucostegia pallida, Nephrolepis dicksoniades, Pteris grandifolia, Selliguea deckokii, Diplazium simplivicacium, Pteris mulfida, dan Vittaria elongata. Kisaran kerapatan dari tumbuhan paku yakni sebesar 3.333,57 pohon/ha yang diikuti oleh tiga jenis tumbuhan paku yang dominan yakni Davallia denticulate, Stenoclaena polustris, Leucostegia pallida dengan nilai INP sebesar 14,55, 11,42, dan 10,4. Selanjutnya terdapat pula jenis tumbuhan penopang paku epifit yakni Tangkil (Gnetum gnemon), kelapa (Cocos nucifera), randu (Ceiba pentandra), jengkol (Pithecellobium lobatum), nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus) dengan jenis tumbuhan penopang yang dominan yakni jenis tangkil (Gnetum gnemon)

Aktivitas Antioksidan, Kandungan Total Fenolik dan Kandungan Total Flavonoid Pada Beberapa Tumbuhan Berkhasiat Obat Di Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia

Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of some traditional medicinal plants grown in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, were investigated. Plant sample are Macaranga gigantea leaf, Ceiba pentandra leaf, Ceiba pentandra bark, Blumea balsamifera leaf and Artocarpus altilis leaf. Natural antioxidants from plant species are considered safe. Therefore, people are now more interest in finding out the treatment through natural remedies. The plant's total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, while total flavonoid content was determined by the Colorimetric assay method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The results showed that plant samples tested contained 22.02 to 214.88 µg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/mg extract represented the total phenolic content. The flavonoid content of the samples was in range from 50.00 to 896.67 µg of catechin equivalents (CE)/mg extract. The plant samples displayed ability to inhibit DPPH free radical formation by 59-81% at 50 ppm concentration. These finding suggest that these plants could possess natural antioxidants and give a scientific basis to the traditional uses of the investigated plants.

Secondary Metabolite Ceiba pentandra Gaertn. as Biological Control to Canker Disease on Dragon Fruit

Canker diseases caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum are a serious threat for dragon fruit production. Comprehensive and environmentally friendly control efforts are needed to reduce yield losses due to this disease. Cottonwood (Ceiba pentandra) is one of the plants that contain complex phytochemicals that can control phyto-pathogens. This study aimed to examine the potential of secondary metabolites produced from the leaves and bark of the C. pentandara as botanical fungicides. Parts of dragon fruit that are attacked by canker are isolated on Potatoes Dextrose Agar media. Observation of conidia and fungal spores using a binocular microscope with a magnification of 100×. The hyphal form of the N. dimidiatum is rectangular and clear. As botanical fungicides, the leaves and the bark of the C. pentandara are dried for 14 days. The extract solution then analyzed for it’s secondary metabolites. The results of the qualitative analysis showed that each leaf extract and bark (+) compound of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. The quantitative results of secondary metabolites detected 304.3 mg.kg-1, Flavonoids and Tannins of 1.6 mg.kg-1. Secondary metabolites obtained were tested on the fungus N. dimidiatum with inhibitory parameters in vitro and in vivo. This study followed a factorial completely randomized design consisting of concentration factors and types of extract parts. The data obtained were then analyzed by ANOVA and significant treatments were further tested by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at α = 5%. The combination treatment with a concentration of 40 mg ml-1 is more effective in controlling canker in indicators of inhibitory, the extent of the attack, and intensity of disease severity.

Ceiba pentandra L. Gaertn. (Malvaceae) and associated species: Spiritual Keystone Species of the Neotropics

Among the 18 species included in the Ceiba genus, in the Malvaceae (Bombacoideae) family, Ceiba pentandra L. Gaertn. is not only the tallest and most widespread, but also occupies the most prominent place in Neotropical cosmovisions. In this ethnobotanical review, we compare perceptions and uses of Ceiba and related species across indigenous and Afro-descendant cultures ranging from the Caribbean to the Argentinian Chaco. Ceiba's widely-shared role as axis mundi, (particularly in Amazonia) psychopomp and shelter of major forest spirits makes it a perfect example of a Spiritual Keystone Species, a new concept inspired from Cultural Keystone Species and defined here for the first time.

KARAKTERISTIK TERMAL CAMPURAN BIOSOLAR DAN BIODIESEL MINYAK BIJI RANDU (CEIBA PENTANDRA)

Research involving thermal characteristics of mixture of biodiesel from kapok (ceibapentandra) and biosolar has been conducted. Biosolar and biodiesel mixed with 5 different composition:B0 (100% biodiesel), B10 (10% biodiesel), B20, B30, and B100 (100% biodiesel). Laboratory experimentwas conducted to obtain several fuel characteristics: heating value, flash point, density, and viscosity.Biosolar is evaporated at a temperature of 120°C and then the steam is flowed to a bunsen burner with afixed discharge (2 ml/minute) and mixed with air in the equivalent ratio variation (φ) 0.8; 1; and 1,2 andturned on. The resulting flame was recorded with the camera and an analysis of the flame was carriedout. Thermal characteristics of this biodiesel have properties in accordance with biosolar standards ofPT Pertamina Indonesia. The heating value of biosolar is 10,602 cal/gram and biodiesel is 8,641cal/gram, and the mixture has heating value among them. As for the characteristics of the flame with highheat values, the core of the flame is covered in blue which shows the highest heat value.