scholarly journals Lying down with protective setae as an alternative antipredator defence in a non-webbing spider mite

SpringerPlus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Yano ◽  
Kanako Shirotsuka
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 20200669
Author(s):  
Serena Okada ◽  
Shuichi Yano

Predators can reduce prey population densities by driving them to undertake costly defences. Here, we report on a remarkable example of induced antipredator defence in spider mites that enhances the risk to rainstorms. Spider mites live on the undersides of host plant leaves and usually oviposit on the leaf undersurface. When they are threatened by predatory mites, they oviposit on three-dimensional webs to avoid egg predation, although the cost of ovipositing on webs has not yet been clearly determined. We prepared bean plants harbouring spider mite ( Tetranychus kanzawai ) eggs on either leaf surfaces or webs and exposed them to rainstorms outdoors. We found that fewer eggs remained on webs than on leaf surfaces. We then examined the synergistic effect of wind and rain by simulating both in the laboratory. We conclude that ovipositing on webs comes at a cost, as eggs are washed off the host plants by wind and rain. This may explain why spider mite populations decrease drastically in the rainy season, although they inhibit leaf undersides where they are not directly exposed to rainfall.


ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yosof Amini ◽  
Ahamad Shah Mohammadi ◽  
Srinivasa N ◽  
Onkarappa S

False spider mites are serious pests of pomegranate and frequently cause considerable economic losses in other fruit crops as well. A field experiment conducted to evaluate eleven acaricides against Tenuipalpus aboharensis infesting pomegranate plants, revealed that wettable sulphur at 2.5 g and dicofol at 2.5 ml per litre were very effective and other acaricides viz. propargite, fenpyroximate, chlorfenapyr and buprofezin were also found effective against T. aboharensis.


2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-450
Author(s):  
Andreas Dorschel

AbstractIn the process of making bedsteads, Plato claimed, makers look towards the ‘idea’ of the bed. But what is that idea? Two candidates come to mind: shape and purpose. The fact that we identify objects of very different shape, not even involving a bedstead, as beds seems to render purpose conceptually superior. But, then, what is a bed’s purpose? An obvious response appears tobe: lying down and sleeping. Yet, first, beds are not needed for that. Secondly, precisely when a bed is slept on, it is not perceived as a design object. Thirdly, beds constitute a kind of existential furniture, associated with giving birth, making love, suffering illness and dying. All such issues humans really care about, however, are strikingly indifferent towards the design of beds. As elsewhere, the maxim that form follows function fails. Design thinking might rather make headway when beds are conceived of as peculiar spaces within spaces.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document