scholarly journals The ‘availability’ bias: underappreciated but with major potential implications

Critical Care ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wassim H Fares
Keyword(s):  
Availability Bias

Between interpretation and the subject: Revisiting Bakhtin’s theory of polyphony

Semiotica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Hongbing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Literary Theory ◽  
Global Field ◽  
Availability Bias ◽  
Obvious Consequence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Influential Theory

AbstractThis paper affords a critical and historical reappraisal of Bakhtin’s theory of polyphony. It addresses the issue of the subjectivity of interpretation in the reception and formulation of this highly influential theory in literary semiotics. Following a revaluation of three major patterns of interpretation of polyphony that have emerged in the global field of literary theory since 1929, as well as Bakhtin’s shift in emphasis in 1963, we find that Bakhtin’s theorizing of polyphony, based on his seemingly inconsistent interpretation of Dostoevsky’s novels, was defined by his own subjectivity as well. An obvious consequence of such subjective predispositions in both the reception of Bakhtin’s theory and his own treatment of Dostoevsky’s polyphonic novels is that they have instigated a type of perpetuating availability bias in approaching the theory of polyphony. This revelation is key to understanding the wholeness of the theory of polyphony from a diachronic perspective. By tracing the cultural and intellectual sources of Dostoevsky’s polyphonic creation, this paper attempts to reframe and restore the Bakhtinian idea of polyphony to its fullness, which we believe can be encapsulated in one phrase: harmony without uniformity.

Inattention, availability bias, and attribute premium estimation for a biobased product

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haotian Cheng ◽  
Dayton M. Lambert ◽  
Karen L. DeLong ◽  
Kimberly L. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Availability Bias

Availability Bias

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Justin Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
Availability Bias

scholarly journals How can geologic decision-making under uncertainty be improved?

Solid Earth ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1469-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina G. Wilson ◽  
Clare E. Bond ◽  
Thomas F. Shipley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Decision Bias ◽  
Availability Bias ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Anchoring Bias ◽  
Integrated Processing

Abstract. In the geosciences, recent attention has been paid to the influence of uncertainty on expert decision-making. When making decisions under conditions of uncertainty, people tend to employ heuristics (rules of thumb) based on experience, relying on their prior knowledge and beliefs to intuitively guide choice. Over 50 years of decision-making research in cognitive psychology demonstrates that heuristics can lead to less-than-optimal decisions, collectively referred to as biases. For example, the availability bias occurs when people make judgments based on what is most dominant or accessible in memory; geoscientists who have spent the past several months studying strike-slip faults will have this terrain most readily available in their mind when interpreting new seismic data. Given the important social and commercial implications of many geoscience decisions, there is a need to develop effective interventions for removing or mitigating decision bias. In this paper, we outline the key insights from decision-making research about how to reduce bias and review the literature on debiasing strategies. First, we define an optimal decision, since improving decision-making requires having a standard to work towards. Next, we discuss the cognitive mechanisms underlying decision biases and describe three biases that have been shown to influence geoscientists' decision-making (availability bias, framing bias, anchoring bias). Finally, we review existing debiasing strategies that have applicability in the geosciences, with special attention given to strategies that make use of information technology and artificial intelligence (AI). We present two case studies illustrating different applications of intelligent systems for the debiasing of geoscientific decision-making, wherein debiased decision-making is an emergent property of the coordinated and integrated processing of human–AI collaborative teams.

Correcting for heterogeneous availability bias in surveys of long-diving marine turtles

2013 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan A. Thomson ◽  
Andrew B. Cooper ◽  
Derek A. Burkholder ◽  
Michael R. Heithaus ◽  
Lawrence M. Dill
Keyword(s):  
Marine Turtles ◽  
Availability Bias

scholarly journals Effect of Availability Bias and Reflective Reasoning on Diagnostic Accuracy Among Internal Medicine Residents

JAMA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 304 (11) ◽  
pp. 1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia Mamede ◽  
Tamara van Gog ◽  
Kees van den Berge ◽  
Remy M. J. P. Rikers ◽  
Jan L. C. M. van Saase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Availability Bias ◽  
Internal Medicine Residents ◽  
Reflective Reasoning

Availability bias in clinical formulation: The first idea that comes to mind

2000 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Waddington ◽  
Stephen Morley
Keyword(s):  
Availability Bias

scholarly journals Heuristics and medical errors. Part 2: How to make better medical decisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Mark A. Graber
Keyword(s):  
Medical Errors ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
Diagnostic Error ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Medical Decisions ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽  
Availability Bias

This publication is a continuation of the article published in the 4th issue of the journal Russian family doctor for 2020 Heuristics, language and medical errors, which described the ways of making medical decisions that can lead to errors in patient management tactics, in particular affect of heuristics / visceral bias, attribution error, frame of reference, availability bias, one-word-one-meaning-fallacy. This article discusses additional sources of diagnostic error, including diagnosis momentum, confirmation bias, representativeness, and premature closure also the conflict that arises from diagnostic uncertainty is discussed. All errors in the tactics and the diagnostic process are illustrated by clinical cases from the personal practice of the author of the article.

scholarly journals Relations between Cognitive Biases and Some Concepts of Information Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Sara Behimehr ◽  
Hamid R. Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Ambiguity Aversion ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Information Behavior ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Availability Bias ◽  
Library Anxiety ◽  
Classic Grounded Theory ◽  
The One

AbstractInformation behavior, as a part of human behavior, has many aspects, including a cognitive aspect. Cognitive biases, one of the important issues in psychology and cognitive science, can play a critical role in people’s behaviors and their information behavior. This article discusses the potential relationships between some concepts of human information behavior and cognitive biases. The qualitative research included semistructured face-to-face interviews with 25 postgraduate students who were at the writing-up stage of their research. The participants were selected using a purposeful sampling process. Interviews were analyzed using the coding technique of classic grounded theory. The research framework was the Eisenberg and Berkowitz information behavior model. The relationships that are discussed in this article include those between the principle of least effort on the one hand and availability bias and ambiguity aversion on the other; value-sensitive design and reactance; willingness to return and availability bias; library anxiety and ambiguity aversion, status quo bias, and stereotypical bias; information avoidance and selective perception, confirmation bias, stereotypical bias, and conservatism bias; information overload and information bias; and finally, filtering and attentional bias.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF FACTORS THAT ARE CONSIDERED BY INVESTORS IN STOCKS INVESTMENT DECISION MAKING IN BATAM CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fendy Cuandra ◽  
Helen Tan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Availability Bias ◽  
Stock Investment ◽  
Investment Decision Making ◽  
Application Data

Abstract:The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that investors should consider in stock investment decision making. This research was conducted to assess the interest in investing and consideration when investing which is influenced by representative bias, availability bias, and locus of control. This research was tested using Smart PLS application. Data collection from this study was conducted by distributing questionnaires as many as 353 people in Batam city. Representative bias significantly positively affects investment decision making, availability bias significantly and positively in investment decisions, availability bias moderated locus of control has no effect on investment decision making, and representative bias moderated locus of control has no effect on investment decision making. This research facilitates investors in making investment decisions in Batam city, judging from several factors that influence the decision making helps investors in determining investment and considering every factor that influences Decision making. Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa faktor yang harus dipertimbangkan investor dalam pengambilan keputusan investasi Saham. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai ketertarikan dalam melakukan investasi dan pertimbangan saat berinvestasi yang dipengaruhi oleh representative bias, availability bias, dan locus of control. Penelitian ini di uji dengan menggunakan aplikasi Smart PLS. Pengumpulan data dari penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara menyebarkan kuesioner sebanyak 353 orang yang berada kota Batam. Representative bias secara signifikan positif mempengaruhi investment desicion making, availability bias secara signifikan dan positif dalam keputusan investasi, availability bias yang dimoderasi locus of control tidak berpengaruh terhadap investment decision making, dan representative bias yang dimoderasi locus of control tidak berpengaruh terhadap investment decision making. Penelitian ini memberi kemudahan investor dalam mengambil keputusan investasi di kota Batam, dilihat dari beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan ini membantu para investor dalam menentukan investasi dan mempertimbangkan setiap faktor yang mempengaruhi Decision making.

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