Transcribed sex-specific markers on the Y chromosome of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis

Abstract Background The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is a highly polyphagous invasive species with a high reproductive potential. In many tropical and subtropical parts of the world it ranks as one of the major pests of fruits and vegetables. Due to its economic importance, genetic, cytogenetic, genomic and biotechnological approaches have been applied to understand its biology and to implement the Sterile Insect Technique, currently a part of area-wide control programmes against this fly. Its chromosome complement includes five pairs of autosomes and the sex chromosomes. The X and Y sex chromosomes are heteromorphic and the highly heterochromatic and degenerate Y harbours the male factor BdMoY. The characterization of the Y chromosome in this fly apart from elucidating its role as primary sex determination system, it is also of crucial importance to understand its role in male biology. The repetitive nature of the Y chromosome makes it challenging to sequence and characterise. Results Using Representational Difference Analysis, fluorescent in situ hybridisation on mitotic chromosomes and in silico genome resources, we show that the B. dorsalis Y chromosome harbours transcribed sequences of gyf, (typo-gyf) a homologue of the Drosophila melanogaster Gigyf gene, and of a non-LTR retrotransposon R1. Similar sequences are also transcribed on the X chromosome. Paralogues of the Gigyf gene are also present on the Y and X chromosomes of the related species B. tryoni. Another identified Y-specific repetitive sequence linked to BdMoY appears to be specific to B. dorsalis. Conclusions Our random scan of the Y chromosome provides a broad picture of its general composition and represents a starting point for further applicative and evolutionary studies. The identified repetitive sequences can provide a useful Y-marking system for molecular karyotyping of single embryos. Having a robust diagnostic marker associated with BdMoY will facilitate studies on how BdMoY regulates the male sex determination cascade during the embryonic sex-determination window. The Y chromosome, despite its high degeneracy and heterochromatic nature, harbours transcribed sequences of typo-gyf that may maintain their important function in post-transcriptional mRNA regulation. That transcribed paralogous copies of Gigyf are present also on the X and that this genomic distribution is maintained also in B. tryoni raises questions on the evolution of sex chromosomes in Bactrocera and other tephritids.

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Transcriptome Analysis of the Oriental Fruit Fly Bactrocera dorsalis Early Embryos

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11050323 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 323

Author(s):

Wei Peng ◽

Shuning Yu ◽

Alfred M. Handler ◽

Hongyu Zhang

Keyword(s):

Embryonic Development ◽

Sex Determination ◽

Rna Binding ◽

Early Stage ◽

Average Length ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Oriental Fruit Fly ◽

Important Species ◽

Next Generation Sequencing Technology

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is one of the most devastating and highly invasive agricultural pests world-wide, resulting in severe economic loss. Thus, it is of great interest to understand the transcriptional changes that occur during the activation of its zygotic genome at the early stages of embryonic development, especially the expression of genes involved in sex determination and the cellularization processes. In this study, we applied Illumina sequencing to identify B. dorsalis sex determination genes and early zygotic genes by analyzing transcripts from three early embryonic stages at 0–1, 2–4, and 5–8 h post-oviposition, which include the initiation of sex determination and cellularization. These tests generated 13,489 unigenes with an average length of 2185 bp. In total, 1683, 3201 and 3134 unigenes had significant changes in expression levels at times after oviposition including at 2–4 h versus 0–1 h, 5–8 h versus 0–1 h, and 5–8 h versus 2–4 h, respectively. Clusters of gene orthology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations were performed throughout embryonic development to better understand the functions of differentially expressed unigenes. We observed that the RNA binding and spliceosome pathways were highly enriched and overrepresented during the early stage of embryogenesis. Additionally, transcripts for 21 sex-determination and three cellularization genes were identified, and expression pattern analysis revealed that the majority of these genes were highly expressed during embryogenesis. This study is the first assembly performed for B. dorsalis based on Illumina next-generation sequencing technology during embryogenesis. Our data should contribute significantly to the fundamental understanding of sex determination and early embryogenesis in tephritid fruit flies, and provide gene promoter and effector gene candidates for transgenic pest-management strategies for these economically important species.

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Neuropeptides and their potential physiological functions in the oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)

10.1603/ice.2016.105656 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Hongbo Jiang

Keyword(s):

Fruit Fly ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Oriental Fruit Fly ◽

Physiological Functions

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Toxicity measurement of spinosad and phloxine B on oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis

JOURNAL OF HUNAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1238.2010.00547 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 547-549

Author(s):

Ying-gang DU ◽

Hai-bo XIA ◽

Jia-hua CHEN ◽

Qing-e JI

Keyword(s):

Fruit Fly ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Oriental Fruit Fly

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X and Y Chromosome Complement Influence Adiposity and Metabolism in Mice

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2012-2098 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 154 (3) ◽

pp. 1092-1104 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Xuqi Chen ◽

Rebecca McClusky ◽

Yuichiro Itoh ◽

Karen Reue ◽

Arthur P. Arnold

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Y Chromosome ◽

Sex Chromosomes ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Chromosome Complement ◽

Gonadal Hormones ◽

Xy Model ◽

Second Sex ◽

Metabolic Variables ◽

Novel Model

Abstract Three different models of MF1 strain mice were studied to measure the effects of gonadal secretions and sex chromosome type and number on body weight and composition, and on related metabolic variables such as glucose homeostasis, feeding, and activity. The 3 genetic models varied sex chromosome complement in different ways, as follows: 1) “four core genotypes” mice, comprising XX and XY gonadal males, and XX and XY gonadal females; 2) the XY* model comprising groups similar to XO, XX, XY, and XXY; and 3) a novel model comprising 6 groups having XO, XX, and XY chromosomes with either testes or ovaries. In gonadally intact mice, gonadal males were heavier than gonadal females, but sex chromosome complement also influenced weight. The male/female difference was abolished by adult gonadectomy, after which mice with 2 sex chromosomes (XX or XY) had greater body weight and percentage of body fat than mice with 1 X chromosome. A second sex chromosome of either type, X or Y, had similar effects, indicating that the 2 sex chromosomes each possess factors that influence body weight and composition in the MF1 genetic background. Sex chromosome complement also influenced metabolic variables such as food intake and glucose tolerance. The results reveal a role for the Y chromosome in metabolism independent of testes and gonadal hormones and point to a small number of X–Y gene pairs with similar coding sequences as candidates for causing these effects.

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