scholarly journals Genomic diversity in pearl millet inbred lines derived from landraces and improved varieties

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghislain Kanfany ◽  
Desalegn D. Serba ◽  
Davina Rhodes ◽  
Paul St. Amand ◽  
Amy Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Improved Varieties

scholarly journals Genomic diversity in pearl millet inbred lines derived from landraces and improved varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desalegn D. Serba ◽  
Ghislain Kanfany ◽  
Davina Rhodes ◽  
Paul St. Amand ◽  
Amy Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background: Genetic improvement of pearl millet is lagging behind most of the major crops. Development of genomic resources is expected to expedite breeding for improved agronomic traits, stress tolerance, yield, and nutritional quality. Genotyping a breeding population with high throughput markers enables exploration of genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) which are important preludes for marker-trait association studies and application of genomic-assisted breeding. Results: Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) libraries of 309 inbred lines derived from landraces and improved varieties from Africa and India generated 54,770 high quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. On average one SNP per 29 Kb was mapped in the reference genome, with the telomeric regions more densely mapped than the pericentromeric regions of the chromosomes. Population structure analysis using 30,208 SNPs evenly distributed in the genome divided 309 accessions into five subpopulations with different levels of admixture. Pairwise genetic distance (GD) between accessions varied from 0.09 to 0.33 with the average distance of 0.28. Rapid LD decay implied low tendency of markers inherited together. Genetic differentiation estimates were the highest between subgroups 4 and 5, and the lowest between subgroups 1 and 2. Conclusions: Population genomic analysis of pearl millet inbred lines derived from diverse geographic and agroecological features identified five subgroups mostly following pedigree differences with different levels of admixture. It also revealed the prevalence of high genetic diversity in pearl millet, which is very useful in defining heterotic groups for hybrid breeding, trait mapping, and holds promise for improving pearl millet for yield and nutritional quality. The short LD decay observed suggests an absence of persistent haplotype blocks in pearl millet. The diverse genetic background of these lines and their low LD make this set of germplasm useful for traits mapping.

scholarly journals Genomic diversity in pearl millet inbred lines derived from landraces and improved varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desalegn D. Serba ◽  
Ghislain Kanfany ◽  
Davina Rhodes ◽  
Paul St. Amand ◽  
Amy Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background: Genetic improvement of pearl millet is lagging behind most of the major crops. Development of genomic resources is expected to expedite breeding for improved agronomic traits, stress tolerance, yield, and nutritional quality. Genotyping a breeding population with high throughput markers enables exploration of genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) which are important preludes for marker-trait association studies and application of genomic-assisted breeding. Results: Sequencing the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) libraries of 309 inbred lines derived from landraces and improved varieties from Africa and India generated 54,770 high quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. On average one SNP per 29 Kb was mapped in the reference genome, with the telomeric regions more densely mapped than the pericentromeric regions of the chromosomes. Population structure analysis using 30,208 SNPs evenly distributed in the genome divided 309 accessions into five subpopulations with different levels of admixture. Pairwise genetic distance (GD) between accessions varied from 0.09 to 0.33 with the average distance of 0.28. Rapid LD decay implied low tendency of markers inherited together. Genetic differentiation estimates were the highest between subgroups 4 and 5, and the lowest between subgroups 1 and 2. Conclusions: Population genomic analysis of pearl millet inbred lines derived from diverse geographic and agroecological features identified five subgroups mostly following pedigree differences with different levels of admixture. It also revealed the prevalence of high genetic diversity in pearl millet, which is very useful in defining heterotic groups for hybrid breeding, trait mapping, and holds promise for improving pearl millet for yield and nutritional quality. The short LD decay observed suggests an absence of persistent haplotype blocks in pearl millet. The diverse genetic background of these lines and their low LD make this set of germplasm useful for traits mapping.

scholarly journals Genomic diversity in pearl millet inbred lines derived from landraces and improved varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghislain Kanfany ◽  
Desalegn D. Serba ◽  
Davina Rhodes ◽  
Paul St. Amand ◽  
Amy Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background: Genetic improvement of pearl millet is lagging behind most of the major crops. Development of genomic resources is expected to expedite breeding for improved agronomic traits, stress tolerance, yield, and nutritional quality. Genotyping a breeding population with high throughput markers enables exploration of genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) which are important preludes for marker-trait association studies and application of genomic-assisted breeding. Results: Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) libraries of 309 inbred lines derived from landraces and improved varieties from Africa and India generated 54,770 high quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. On average one SNP per 29 Kb was mapped in the reference genome, with the telomeric regions more densely mapped than the pericentromeric regions of the chromosomes. Population structure analysis using 30,208 SNPs evenly distributed in the genome divided 309 accessions into five subpopulations with different levels of admixture. Pairwise genetic distance (GD) between accessions varied from 0.09 to 0.33 with the average distance of 0.28. Rapid LD decay implied low tendency of markers inherited together. Genetic differentiation estimates were the highest between subgroups 4 and 5, and the lowest between subgroups 1 and 2. Conclusions: Population genomic analysis of pearl millet inbred lines derived from diverse geographic and agroecological features identified five subgroups mostly following pedigree differences with different levels of admixture. It also revealed the prevalence of high genetic diversity in pearl millet, which is very useful in defining heterotic groups for hybrid breeding, trait mapping, and holds promise for improving pearl millet for yield and nutritional quality. The short LD decay observed suggests an absence of persistent haplotype blocks in pearl millet. The diverse genetic background of these lines and their low LD make this set of germplasm useful for traits mapping.

Using Improved Varieties of Pearl Millet in Rainfed Agriculture in Response to Climate Change: A Case Study in the Tillabéri Region in Niger

2017 ◽  
pp. 345-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdourahamane Tankari Dan-badjo ◽  
Halima Oumarou Diadie ◽  
Sabrina Maria Rita Bonetto ◽  
Carlo Semita ◽  
Elena Isotta Cristofori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Rainfed Agriculture ◽  
Improved Varieties

Corrigendum - Cell Development in the Young Seed of Two Inbred Lines of Pearl Millet, Pennisetum Americanum.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
MK Rao ◽  
KA Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Mitotic Cycle ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Endosperm Nucleus ◽  
Pennisetum Americanum ◽  
Young Seed

Rate of cell development in embryo and endosperm during the 1st 4 days after pollination was similar in 2 lines of P. americanum under field conditions. 1st division of the endosperm nucleus was complete within 6 h after pollination. Synchronous mitoses, the mitotic cycle, divisions within the embryo and the endosperm and embryo volume increases are described.

scholarly journals Pearl millet genomic vulnerability to climate change in West Africa highlights the need for regional collaboration

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Rhoné ◽  
Dimitri Defrance ◽  
Cécile Berthouly-Salazar ◽  
Cédric Mariac ◽  
Philippe Cubry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Regional Collaboration

Abstract Climate change is already affecting agro-ecosystems and threatening food security by reducing crop productivity and increasing harvest uncertainty. Mobilizing crop diversity could be an efficient way to mitigate its impact. We test this hypothesis in pearl millet, a nutritious staple cereal cultivated in arid and low-fertility soils in sub-Saharan Africa. We analyze the genomic diversity of 173 landraces collected in West Africa together with an extensive climate dataset composed of metrics of agronomic importance. Mapping the pearl millet genomic vulnerability at the 2050 horizon based on the current genomic-climate relationships, we identify the northern edge of the current areas of cultivation of both early and late flowering varieties as being the most vulnerable to climate change. We predict that the most vulnerable areas will benefit from using landraces that already grow in equivalent climate conditions today. However, such seed-exchange scenarios will require long distance and trans-frontier assisted migrations. Leveraging genetic diversity as a climate mitigation strategy in West Africa will thus require regional collaboration.

scholarly journals MULTI TRAIT ANALYSIS REVEALS SUBSTANTIAL DIVERSITY IN PEARL MILLET [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] INBRED LINES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-375
Author(s):  
Sonali Sangwan ◽  
◽  
Shikha Yashveer ◽  
Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Hemender . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Trait Analysis

A mycoparasite on Sclerospora graminicola

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 220-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Raghavendra Rao ◽  
M. S. Pavgi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Crop Plant ◽  
Sclerospora Graminicola ◽  
Pennisetum Typhoides ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Major Disease ◽  
Fusarium Semitectum

Downy mildew or 'green ear' disease of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides Stapf and Hubb.) incited by Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schröter has become a major disease on several improved varieties of the crop plant in India. Fusarium semitectum Berk, and Rav. parasitizes the oospores that develop within the leafy proliferations in the earhead, which consequently makes them unviable. The possibility of using the mycoparasite as a biological control is indicated.

Inheritance and transmission of plastid alterations in a green–white stripe mutant of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Reddy ◽  
N. C. Subrahmanyam
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Pennisetum Americanum ◽  
White Stripe ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Variable Expressivity ◽  
Breeding Behaviour ◽  
Mutant Genes

The breeding behaviour of the GWS-14 stripe mutant of pearl millet was tested in crosses with different normal inbred lines. The F2 segregations revealed two independently assorting recessive nuclear genes controlling the stripe phenotype with variable expressivity. Striping appeared 25 days after germination or later, suggesting the delayed expression of mutant genes. When stripe plants were crossed with pollen from normal inbreds, normal and white F1 progeny were obtained, while reciprocal crosses gave exclusively normal F1 progeny, suggesting that the white plastids are maternally transmitted in the absence of homozygous recessive nuclear genes in homoplastidic (altered plastids) egg cells. The absence of stripe progeny indicates the possible reversion of such plastids in heteroplastidic egg cells.

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