Association of Body mass index and serum ferritin level in pediatrics with Beta-thalassemia major disease

Background: Beta-thalassemia major is a type of inherited blood disease that results in variable outcomes such as severe anemia due to haemoglobin chains. Recurrent and lifelong blood transfusions as a treatment in beta-thalassemia major disease lead to iron deposition in various organs and cause the failure of multiple organs. Failure of affected organs leads to Body mass index (BMI) abnormality. This study aimed to evaluate the association between BMI and serum ferritin level as a marker for iron overload. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study designed and conducted with total number of 740 paediatrics, with mean age about 14.2±8.7 years old and with beta-thalassemia major requiring recurrent blood transfusion. Patient information, including demographics, serum ferritin level and percentage of BMI, was recorded and analysed by SPSS 25.0 and the statistical significant level, considered as 0.05. Results: A total number of 740 paediatrics with beta-thalassemia major disease (mean age about 14.2±8.7 years) were included to study to examine the association between serum ferritin level and their BMI. The total mean serum level of ferritin calculated about 3326 ± 3859 Nanogram/mililitter (ng/ml). Totally, 447 (60.4%) case of them had BMI percentile less than 5%, 274 (37.02%), 16 (2.16%) and 3 (0.4%) had BMI percentile 5%-85%, 85%-95% and more than 95%. There was no relation between gender and serum ferritin levels. The relationship between age and BMI has been positive (P=0.002). Finally, it resulted that there was a negative relationship between the BMI percentile and mean serum ferritin levels in paediatrics with beta-thalassemia major (P=0.031). Conclusion: Frequent Blood transfusion is associated with elevated serum ferritin level in paediatrics with beta-thalassemia major disease and experiencing lower percentiles of BMI in these patients.

Palimpsests of plague

This paper examines aspects of how language, translations, narratives, and plagues have been in interplay in the past, with a view to setting out some possible lessons for today. It looks at two types of practices. First, when people make plague-related translations of texts with religious or medical content from one language to another, producing and reproducing texts that enjoy certain forms of persisting authority in guiding thought and practice related to handling and making sense of major disease outbreaks. Second, when people turn plague phenomena into narratives with story arcs, narratives which can endure over time and shape subsequent understandings of later outbreaks. Despite more complexity and multiplicity in social configurations and communications today, many of the phenomena concerning translation and narration that have happened in plague scenarios of the past have again played out during the Covid-19 pandemic, albeit with distinctive modern colourings.

Studies on the isolation, identification and enzyme activity of bioagent Pseudomonas fluorescens used for controlling brown spot disease of rice caused by Helminthosporium oryzae

In the present investigation studies was carried out ontheIsolation, Identification and Enzyme activity of bioagent Pseudomonas fluorescens used for controlling Brown spot disease of Rice caused by Helminthosporium oryzae(Breda de Haan).This is a fungal pathogen causing major disease that causes enormous losses in grain yield (upto 90%) particularly when leaf spotting phase assumes epiphytotic proportions.

Ramularia leaf spot in barley

Ramularia leaf spot is an emerging pathogen across barley growing regions of the world. It's rise from minor to major disease has been rapid over the last twenty years. The causal pathogen, Ramularia collo-cygni is poorly understood but it has been shown to have a complex life cycle and the ability to exist on many hosts in an endophytic state. The rate of development of fungicide resistance in the fungus is also extremely fast and many of the major single site fungicides are no longer effective in many countries. With multisite fungicides having their approval or reconsidered and no consistent varietal resistance available, control of the disease is increasing challenging. This chapter reviews the latest research into Ramularia biology and control and highlights the areas where recent advances have been made.

Impact of Environmental and Health Risks on Rural Households’ Sustainable Livelihoods: Evidence from China

China has entered a “post-poverty alleviation” era, where the achievement of sustainable livelihoods by farmers has become a focus. This study used the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) database, which was constructed based on an analysis of the DFID sustainable livelihood framework, and built a sustainable livelihood index system for farmers using the entropy weight method to measure the weights of sustainable livelihood indexes and calculate a sustainable livelihood index. This study used the Tobit model to discuss the impacts of different types of risk on the achievement of a sustainable livelihood by farmers. The results showed that environmental risk, chronic disease risk, and major disease risk all had significant negative impacts on the ability of farmers to achieve a sustainable livelihood. The impacts of major disease and chronic disease risks on the achievement of a sustainable livelihood by farmers living in plain areas were stronger than those associated with environmental risk. In China, the environmental risks were complex and diverse and were the most important factors that affect the achievement of a sustainable livelihood by rural households in mountainous areas. Chronic disease risk was also an important adverse factor that affected the achievement of a sustainable livelihood by rural households in mountainous areas.

AYURVEDA SAMHITHA BASED LITERATURE REVIEW ON JWARA AND RELEVANCE OF JWARA CENTERED APPROACH IN MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19

Pyrexia (fever) is one of the prevalent symptoms in COVID-19. Many studies show that more than half of infected patients are suffering from fever. In Ayurveda Jwara (fever) is considered a major disease that needed to be care- fully evaluated and managed. Thus, an Ayurveda Samhithas based literature review on Jwara can shape a better understanding and management approach for Jwara. A retrospective literature review with Jwara based on Sam- hithas can enhance the approach and treatment strategies, which can repurpose with any emerging diseases. A Jwara chikitsa approach towards COVID-19 may provide better understanding and outcomes in the current disease man- agement strategies. Keywords: Jwara, COVID-19, Jwara Chikitsa.

Applications of Aptamer-Bound Nanomaterials in Cancer Therapy

Cancer is still a major disease that threatens human life. Although traditional cancer treatment methods are widely used, they still have many disadvantages. Aptamers, owing to their small size, low toxicity, good specificity, and excellent biocompatibility, have been widely applied in biomedical areas. Therefore, the combination of nanomaterials with aptamers offers a new method for cancer treatment. First, we briefly introduce the situation of cancer treatment and aptamers. Then, we discuss the application of aptamers in breast cancer treatment, lung cancer treatment, and other cancer treatment methods. Finally, perspectives on challenges and future applications of aptamers in cancer therapy are discussed.

Ingestive Peptides – An Emerging Tool for Diagnostics and Therapeutics: A Review

Peptides are relatively safe, well tolerated, highly selective and efficacious. Consequently, in recent years, peptides have acquired an increased interest as therapeutics in pharmaceutical research and development. In clinical trials, about 140 peptide therapeutics are currently being tested. In medicine and biotechnology, peptides have acquired a broad range of applications. More than 7000 peptides in nature have been recognized, and these peptides also have critical roles including actions as hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters, ion channel ligands, or anti-infectives. Peptides are often excellent biomarkers and can be used for diagnostic purposes. Metabolic diseases and oncology are the major disease areas nowadays driving the clinical use of peptide drugs. We think that the future peptide drugs development will be a new tool for the several pathologies amelioration.

Sea Lice Are Sensitive to Low Frequency Sounds

The salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis is a major disease problem in salmonids farming and there are indications that it also plays a role in the decline of wild salmon stocks. This study shows the first ultrastructural images of pathological changes in the sensory setae of the first antenna and in inner tissues in different stages of L. salmonis development after sound exposure in laboratory and sea conditions. Given the current ineffectiveness of traditional methods to eradicate this plague, and the strong impact on the environment these treatments often provoke, the described response to sounds and the associated injuries in the lice sensory organs could represent an interesting basis for developing a bioacoustics method to prevent lice infection and to treat affected salmons.