scholarly journals Non-celiac wheat sensitivity: rationality and irrationality of a gluten-free diet in individuals affected with non-celiac disease: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Consolato Sergi ◽  
Vincenzo Villanacci ◽  
Antonio Carroccio
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Superficial Epithelium ◽  
Wheat Sensitivity ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractNon-celiac gluten or wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is a “clinical entity induced by the ingestion of wheat leading to intestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms that improve once the wheat-containing foodstuff is removed from the diet, and celiac disease and wheat allergy have been excluded”. This mostly accepted definition raises several points that remain controversial on this condition. In the present review, the authors summarize the most recent advances in the clinic and research on NCWS through an accurate analysis of different studies. We screened PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Scopus using the keywords “non-celiac gluten sensitivity”, “non-celiac wheat sensitivity”, and “diagnosis”. We would like to emphasize two main points, including (A) the controversial clinical and etiological aspects in different trials and experiences with particular attention to the Salerno criteria for the diagnosis of NCWS and (B) the histological aspects. The etiology of NCWS remains controversial, and the relationship with irritable bowel syndrome is obscure. Histologically, the duodenal mucosa may show a variable pattern from unremarkable to a slight increase in the number of T lymphocytes in the superficial epithelium of villi. The endorsement of this disease is based on a positive response to a gluten-free diet for a limited period, followed by the reappearance of symptoms after gluten challenge. The Salerno expert criteria may help to diagnose NCWS accurately. Social media and inaccurate interpretation of websites may jeopardize the diagnostic process if individuals self-label as gluten intolerant.

scholarly journals Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Gluten-Related Disorders

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Usai-Satta ◽  
Gabrio Bassotti ◽  
Massimo Bellini ◽  
Francesco Oppia ◽  
Mariantonia Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Systematic Screening ◽  
Wheat Sensitivity ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is frequently associated with celiac disease (CD) and nonceliac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGS/NCWS), but epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects are still unclear. Furthermore, a gluten-free diet (GFD) can positively influence IBS symptoms. Methods: A comprehensive online search for IBS related to CD, NCGS and GFD was made using the Pubmed, Medline and Cochrane databases. Results: Although a systematic screening for CD in IBS is not recommended, CD prevalence can be increased in diarrhea-predominant IBS patients. On the other hand, IBS symptoms can be persistent in treated CD patients, and their prevalence tends to decrease on a GFD. IBS symptoms may overlap and be similar to those associated to nonceliac gluten and/or wheat sensitivity. Increased gut permeability could explain the gluten/wheat effects in IBS patients. Finally, a GFD could improve symptoms in a subgroup of IBS patients. Conclusions: The possible interplay between IBS and gluten-related disorders represents a scientifically and clinically challenging issue. Further studies are needed to confirm these data and better clarify the involved pathophysiological mechanisms.

scholarly journals Descriptive Study of the Different Tools Used to Evaluate the Adherence to a Gluten-Free Diet in Celiac Disease Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Rodrigo ◽  
Isabel Pérez-Martinez ◽  
Eugenia Lauret-Braña ◽  
Adolfo Suárez-González
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Autoimmune Process ◽  
Duodenal Biopsies

Celiac disease (CD) is a genetically conditioned autoimmune process that appears in susceptible people. It can affect people of any age, and slightly predominates in females. It has a fairly homogenous global distribution, with an average prevalence of 1–2%, the frequency having increased in recent decades. The only effective treatment is a strict and permanent gluten-free diet (GFD), although the level of compliance is poor, at about 50% of cases. To monitor the effectiveness of the GFD, several procedures involving various approaches are employed: (a) Periodic visits by expert Nutritionists; (b) Clinical follow-up; (c) Serological time controls of specific antibodies; (d) Serial endoscopies with collection of duodenal biopsies; (e) Use of structured questionnaires; and (f) Determination of gluten peptides derived from gluten in faeces and/or urine. All of these procedures are useful when applied, alone or in combination, depending on the cases. Some patients will only need to consult to their doctors, while others will require a multidisciplinary approach to assess their compliance with the GFD. In children, normalization of duodenal mucosa was achieved in 95% of cases within two years, while it is more delayed in adults, whose mucosa take longer time (3–5 years) to heal completely.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Perceived Health Benefits and Information Sources to Following a Gluten-Free Diet Among People Without Celiac Disease or Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 704-704
Author(s):  
Kristina Arslain ◽  
Pratiksha Baishya ◽  
Christopher Gustafson ◽  
Devin Rose
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Sensitivity ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives The gluten-free diet (GFD) has been adopted by many people who do not have Celiac disease or non-Celiac gluten sensitivity, but no studies examine the relationship of perceived health benefits of, and the sources that recommend trying, the GFD to the decision to follow the diet. Methods We surveyed a large, nationally representative sample of 3051 US residents about their attitudes, perceptions, and experiences with the GFD. Logistic regression was used to compare respondents who had no diagnosed need for a GFD but were currently avoiding or had avoided gluten previously (GF-Consumer) to the consumers that had never tried a GFD. Results Over one-fifth of our respondents were GF-Consumers. Beliefs that “a gluten-reduced diet is healthier for people than a full-gluten containing diet” (OR 1.55; P < 0.01), that “gluten-free products are generally more nutritious than their gluten-containing variant” (OR 1.53; P < 0.01) and that a GFD can help clear acne (OR 1.44; P < 0.01) were all positively associated with trying a GFD. The most influential source that suggested the diet was oneself who learned about a GFD through personal research (OR 3.35; P < 0.01). This was followed by “family member or friend” (OR 2.68; P < 0.01) and “healthcare center or health professional (doctor, dietitian, etc.)” (OR 2.10; P < 0.01). Conclusions Positive, but scientifically unsubstantiated, beliefs about the benefits of the GFD were strongly associated with trying a GF diet. Both conventional and unconventional sources of information about the GFD were positively associated with following the diet. These findings about beliefs and information sources highlight potential barriers to the promotion of scientifically based nutritional recommendations to consumers. Funding Sources University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division Innovation Fund for Wheat/Cereal Crops.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Efficacy and Adherence to Gluten-Free Diet in Patients with Celiac Disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Rodrigo ◽  
Isabel Perez-Martinez ◽  
Eugenia Lauret-Braña ◽  
Adolfo Suarez-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Autoimmune Process ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Duodenal Biopsies

Celiac disease (CD) is a genetically conditioned autoimmune process that appears in susceptible people. It can affect people of any age, and slightly predominates in females. It has a fairly homogenous global distribution, with an average prevalence of 1-2%, the frequency having increased in recent decades. The only effective treatment is a strict and permanent gluten-free diet (GFD), although the level of compliance with it is poor, at about 50% of cases. To monitor the effectiveness of the GFD, several procedures involving various approaches are employed: a) periodic interviews by nutritionists; b) clinical follow-up; c) serological controls of specific antibodies; d) endoscopies with collection of duodenal biopsies; e) structured questionnaires; f) determination of gluten peptides derived from gluten in feces and/or urine. All of these procedures are useful when applied, alone or in combination, depending on the cases. Some patients will only need to consult to their doctors, while others will require a multidisciplinary approach to assess their compliance with the GFD. In children, normalization of duodenal mucosa was achieved in 95% of cases within 2 years, while it is more delayed in adults, whose mucosa take longer to heal completely.

Abstract P219: The Vast Majority of People Who Eat “Gluten Free” for IBS, Celiac, or Autoimmune Disease Have Markers of Leaky Gut That Resolve When “Gluten Free” Foods Containing Lectins, Like Corn, Other Grains, Beans, and Nightshades are Removed From Their Diet

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R Gundry
Keyword(s):  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Leaky Gut ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
Corn Protein ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Wheat Sensitivity ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
San Carlos

Initial evaluation of pts referred with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Celiac, and/or autoimmune diseases includes Celiac HLA genetics, Celiac IgA and IgG markers, and autoimmune markers. Most patients are self described as eating a gluten free diet. Increasingly, and with more affordable tests being made available, we have started to use a battery of tests for leaky gut, wheat, corn, lectin, dairy, and egg proteins reactivity/sensitivity from Vibrant Wellness (San Carlos, Ca) called Zoomers. Leaky gut was determined by Anti-Zonulin IgG and IgA, Anti-Actin IgG and IgA; Wheat sensitivity panels included Transglutaminase, Wheat Germ Agglutinin, Gliadin, Glutenin, and Non-gluten wheat protein IgG and IgA panels. All corn proteins, including the wheat-corn epitope overlap and the GMO Cry proteins IgG and IgA, as well as IgG and IgA reactions to major lectins and aquaporins in beans, squash, spinach, nightshades, corn, and to protein components of dairy and eggs. We now report results on the first 50 patients, ages 7-76, M:F ratio 1:1, who, following these initial tests, started the lectin limited diet, The Plant Paradox. Results: 100% of pts were positive for leaky gut (50/50). Forty nine of 50 (98%) were reactive to more than one component of wheat, although only 35/50 (70%) where positive for HLA gluten genes. Seventy percent of pts (35/50) were sensitive to the corn-wheat cross reaction epitope, while 31/50 (62%) reacted to the GMO cry corn protein. Forty nine of 50 (98%) reacted to one or more bean lectins, while 38/50 (76%) reacted to one or more aquaporins in soy, spinach, corn, potatoes, bell peppers. While sensitivities to dairy and egg proteins did occur, they were rare compared to the above proteins. Retesting has been done in 11 of 50 pts, 2 to 9 months following the first test. Resolution of leaky gut occurred in 10/11 (91%), and reactivity to all wheat proteins as measured by IgG and IgA disappeared, indicating tolerance. We conclude that most patients following a gluten free diet still have leaky gut with both gluten and wheat antibodies, all of which resolve when a lectin free diet is followed.

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