Prognostic value of platelet recovery degree before and after achieving minimal residual disease negative complete remission in acute myeloid leukemia patients

Abstract Purpose – To determine the value of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) assessed by Multi-parameter Flow Cytometry (MFC) after achieving initial response to therapy, in predicting outcome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) Methods – We investigated the predictive value of MRD assessment by MFC in 191 patients with newly diagnosed AML treated between February 2010 and April 2014 at our institution who had available MRD assessment. MRD by MFC was assessed using an 8-color panel containing 19 distinct markers, on bone marrow specimens obtained at the time of achievement of CR and at approximately 30 days and 90 days after achieving CR. Residual leukemic blasts were identified based on phenotypic differences from normal myelomonocytic precursors. Sensitivity was estimated at 0.1% in most cases, with maximum achievable sensitivity of 0.01%, depending on the leukemic phenotype. Results – Of the 191 patients, 167 (87%) achieved complete remission (CR) or CR without platelet recovery (CRp). Their median age was 58 years (Range, 17-85). 84 (44%) were older than 60 years. Median WBC at presentation was 3.2 x 109/L(Range, 0.5-100.2 x 109/L) and median bone marrow blast percentage was 43% (Range, 11-96%). Cytogenetics was favorable risk in 4 (2%), intermediate risk in130 (68%) and adverse risk in 57 (30%). Treatment included cytarabine plus anthracycline in 170 (89%) and hypomethylating agents-based strategies in 21 (11%). 48 patients had available samples at 30 days post CR and 32 (67%) became MRD negative. Achieving MRD negative status was associated with a statistically significant improvement in CR duration (p=0.02) and overall survival (OS) (p=0.0005). 56 patients were evaluated for MRD status at 90 days and 45 (80%) were negative. Again, achieving MRD negative status was associated with a significant improvement in CR duration (p=0.002) and OS (p=0.0009). Conclusion – Achieving MRD negative status by MFC at 30 and 90 days post CR is associated with an improved outcome in patients with AML Figure 1 Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 2. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Combining flow cytometry and WT1 assessment improves the prognostic value of pre-transplant minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia

Haematologica ◽

10.3324/haematol.2017.167254 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 102 (9) ◽

pp. e348-e351 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Fabio Guolo ◽

Paola Minetto ◽

Marino Clavio ◽

Maurizio Miglino ◽

Federica Galaverna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Minimal Residual Disease ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Residual Disease ◽

Minimal Residual ◽

Acute Myeloid

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Precision and prognostic value of clone-specific minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia

Haematologica ◽

10.3324/haematol.2016.159681 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 102 (7) ◽

pp. 1227-1237 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Pierre Hirsch ◽

Ruoping Tang ◽

Nassera Abermil ◽

Pascale Flandrin ◽

Hannah Moatti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Minimal Residual Disease ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Residual Disease ◽

Minimal Residual ◽

Acute Myeloid

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Prognostic Impact of Minimal Residual Disease Assessment in Elderly Patients with Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia. a Comparison between CPX-351 and Intensified Fludarabine-Based Regimens

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2021-153060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 3442-3442

Author(s):

Fabio Guolo ◽

Paola Minetto ◽

Marino Clavio ◽

Maurizio Miglino ◽

Riccardo Marcolin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Minimal Residual Disease ◽

Induction Therapy ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Residual Disease ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Younger Patients ◽

Minimal Residual ◽

Acute Myeloid

Abstract Background: Minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment retains high prognostic value in Acute Myeloid Leukemia patients (AML) undergoing intensive induction therapy. Widely available MRD techniques include multicolour flow cytometry (MFC), RT-PCR for recurrent genetic lesion and, for patients lacking specific markers, RT-PCR for the pan- leukemic marker WT1. However, most of the data on the prognostic value of MRD come from trials including younger patients treated with conventional 3+7 regimen. AML arising from a previous myelodisplastic syndrome (s-AML) and therapy-related AML (t-AML) are usually under-represented in trial involving younger patients and are unlikely to respond to conventional induction. Few data are therefore available on the kinetics and the prognostic value of MRD in elderly s- AML and t-AML patients, particularly in the context of alternative induction regimens. Aims: We evaluated MRD in a cohort of elderly s-AML or t-AML patients receiving induction therapy either with a fludarabine-containing regimen or CPX-351, in order to compare the probability of achieving MRD negativity, to disclose the prognostic value of MRD in this setting and to define the best time-points for MRD assessments. Methods: A total of 136 elderly (>60 year, median age 67, range 60-75) patients were analyzed in this study. Patients were treated between January 2005 and January 2020 in our Center, either with CPX-351 (n=35) or fludarabine- high dose cytarabine-idarubicin (FLAI), with (n=72) or without (n =29) gemtuzumab-ozogamicin (GO). MRD was retrospectively analyzed in all patients achieving hematological complete remission (CR) with both MFC and WT1 expression levels.All patients were affected by s-AML or t-AML, defined according to the WHO 2016 criteria. Results: After induction, CR was achieved in 83 patients (61%). CR rate was 28/35 in patients treated with CPX-351 (80%), significantly higher when compared to patients receiving FLAI (55/101, 54.5%, p<0.05). The addition of GO to FLAI did not increase CR rate. Among CR patients, a total of 41 (49.4%) and 44 patients (53%) achieved MRD negativity, with MFC or WT1-based methods, respectively. MFC MRD negativity probability was higher among patients receiving CPX-351 as induction therapy (MFC MRD negativity rate of 16/28, 57% and 25/55, 45% in CR patients who received CPX-351 or FLAI, respectively, p<0.05). Adding GO to FLAI did not improve MRD negativity probability. Moreover, MRD showed significant prognostic value in terms of Overall Survival in all treatment group (2-year OS of 74 and 36% in patients with or without residual MFC MRD after induction, respectively, p<0.05). WT1-based MRD lead to similar results. Conclusion: In conclusion MRD assessment retains a strong prognostic value and may help to identify patients with suboptimal response to treatment. The higher rate of MRD negativity observed with CPX-351 may be related with a more efficient anti-leukemic activity of the drug in this particular setting. The evaluation of MRD with both MFC and WT1-based assessment lead to superimposable conclusions and allowed us to obtain MRD data from virtually all AML patients treated in the selected time period. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Interim Results of a First in Man Study with the Fc-Optimized FLT3 Antibody Flysyn for Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Minimal Residual Disease

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2019-125327 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 3928-3928 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sabine Kayser ◽

Jonas S. Heitmann ◽

Daniela Dörfel ◽

Felicitas Thol ◽

Michael Heuser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Complete Remission ◽

Minimal Residual Disease ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Research Funding ◽

Residual Disease ◽

Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽

Shareholder Interest ◽

Minimal Residual ◽

Acute Myeloid

Background: Substantial surface expression of the FLT3 receptor can be measured on blast cells in 70% to 100% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, while no or only low levels are expressed on healthy cells like monocytes and progenitor stem cells. Thus, FLT3 is a suitable and highly selective target for therapeutic antibodies. FLYSYN is a chimeric Fc-optimized IgG1 antibody and binds specifically and with high avidity to human FLT3 (CD135). Despite achievement of complete remission, roughly half of AML patients display minimal residual disease (MRD) after end of therapy and relapse. Methods: We perform an open-label, single-arm, first in man multicenter trial to assess safety and tolerability as well as preliminary efficacy of FLYSYN as monotherapy in adult (≥18 years) AML patients in complete remission with MRD (NCT02789254). FLYSYN is administered as IV infusion over a 3 hour period. Recruitment started in March 2017 with an estimated maximum number of 31 patients and estimated recruitment until January 2020. The main inclusion criterion was confirmed stable or increasing MRD positivity in two sequential measurements. MRD was measured by central RT-qPCR and/or next generation sequencing (NGS). Sensitivity with RT-qPCR (for NPM1 only) was 10-6 and 10-4 with NGS. Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia as well as prior hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were excluded. Using a "3 + 3" dose escalation design, five of the planned six cohorts with escalating doses have currently completed treatment (cohort 1: 0.5 mg/m² BSA; cohort 2: 1.5 mg/m² BSA; cohort 3: 5 mg/m² BSA; cohort 4: 15 mg/m² BSA; cohort 5: 45 mg/m²; cohort 6: in total 45 mg/m²; 15 mg/m² on day 1, 15 and 29). Three patients were treated per cohort, except for cohort 4, which was expanded to nine patients. The interim analysis for preliminary efficacy was performed after 18 patients were treated in cohorts 1-4. Response is defined as 1 log MRD reduction. Results: Median age was 60 years (range, 21-80 years). Sixteen patients were MRD positive for NPM1 and one patient each for RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and IDH2. So far, FLYSYN was well tolerated. Only one temporary grade 3 adverse event (AE) occurred (neutrophil decrease on day 3 only) in a patient of cohort 3, which was suspected to be related to FLYSYN treatment. There were no reported dose-limiting toxicities. The most frequently reported AEs were grade 1 and 2 gastrointestinal toxicities and laboratory abnormalities, which all were manageable with supportive care. After treatment, neither human anti-mouse nor anti-human antibodies were detected in any of the patients. Preliminary pharmacokinetic analysis was performed in the first 12 patients of the study and revealed a half-life of FLYSYN of roughly 6.5 days. Regarding preliminary efficacy, 1 patient of cohort 1 achieved permanent MRD negativity in bone marrow (BM; lasting until day 545) and 1 patient a temporary BM MRD reduction (at day 15). One patient of cohort 2 achieved BM MRD negativity (day 22) with MRD progression on day 365, whereas the other 2 patients were BM MRD progressive. None of the patients of cohort 3 achieved a MRD response in BM, but 2 patients achieved a temporary MRD response in peripheral blood. Four patients of cohort 4 achieved non-permanent BM MRD negativity. Overall, 6 patients achieved BM MRD negativity (33 %, 6/18), enduring more than 1 year in 1 patient. Conclusions: Our data suggest that FLYSYN is safe and very well tolerated as monotherapy in MRD positive AML patients. Preliminary efficacy data are promising, and recruiting is ongoing in cohort 6 in which 15 mg/m² FLYSYN is given for three times. Up-dated results will be presented at the ASH meeting. Disclosures Heuser: Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin: Research Funding; Synimmune: Research Funding. Müller-Tidow:MSD: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Steiner:Synimmune: Employment, Other: shareholder interest. Grosse-Hovest:SYNIMMUNE: Employment, Other: shareholder interest. Jung:Synimmune: Other: shareholder interest. Salih:SYNIMMUNE: Consultancy, Research Funding.

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