scholarly journals The frequencies and disparities of adverse childhood experiences in the U.S.

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Giano ◽  
Denna L. Wheeler ◽  
Randolph D. Hubach
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
System Data ◽  
At Risk Populations

Abstract Background Adversity experienced during childhood manifests deleteriously across the lifespan. This study provides updated frequency estimates of ACEs using the most comprehensive and geographically diverse sample to date. Methods ACEs data were collected via BRFSS (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System). Data from a total of 211,376 adults across 34 states were analyzed. The ACEs survey is comprised of 8 domains: physical/emotional/sexual abuse, household mental illness, household substance use, household domestic violence, incarcerated household member, and parental separation/divorce. Frequencies were calculated for each domain and summed to derive mean ACE scores. Findings were weighted and stratified by demographic variables. Group differences were assessed by post-estimation F-tests. Results Most individuals experienced at least one ACE (57.8%) with 21.5% experiencing 3+ ACEs. F-tests showed females had significantly higher ACEs than males (1.64 to 1.46). Multiracial individuals had a significantly higher ACEs (2.39) than all other races/ethnicities, while White individuals had significantly lower mean ACE scores (1.53) than Black (1.66) or Hispanic (1.63) individuals. The 25-to-34 age group had a significantly higher mean ACE score than any other group (1.98). Generally, those with higher income/educational attainment had lower mean ACE scores than those with lower income/educational attainment. Sexual minority individuals had higher ACEs than straight individuals, with significantly higher ACEs in bisexual individuals (3.01). Conclusion Findings highlight that childhood adversity is common across sociodemographic, yet higher in certain categories. Identifying at-risk populations for higher ACEs is essential to improving the health outcomes and attainment across the lifespan.

scholarly journals Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences and Oral Health Measures in Adulthood: Findings from the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Akinkugbe ◽  
K.B. Hood ◽  
T.H. Brickhouse
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are negative life events occurring before the age of 18 y. ACEs are risk factors for heart disease and diabetes in adult life. Furthermore, individuals who experience ACEs are more likely to smoke and become obese—factors associated with poor oral health. Objective: This study investigated likely associations between ACEs and the oral health measures of the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Methods: Data from 16,354 participants of the 2010 BRFSS were analyzed with SAS 9.4. ACE scores were calculated in 2 domains: abuse (emotional, physical, or sexual) and household challenges (parental separation or divorce, intimate partner violence, household substance abuse, household mental illness, and incarceration). ACE scores, ranging from 0 to 8, were categorized into 0, 1, 2, 3, and ≥4. The 2010 BRFSS oral health measures included >1 y since last dental visit, ≥6 teeth extracted, and ≥2 y since last dental cleaning. Survey logistic regression estimated prevalence odds ratios and 95% CIs, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment. Results: The weighted mean ACE score was 1.74 (95% CI = 1.68 to 1.81), and the weighted and age-standardized percentages of study participants with ACE scores of 0, 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 were 33.1%, 24.3%, 14.9%, 9.69%, and 18.1%, respectively. There appeared to be a dose-response association between categories of ACE scores and the oral health measures. Specifically, when compared with participants with an ACE score of 0, participants with ACE scores of 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 had adjusted prevalence odds ratios (95% CIs) of 1.10 (0.82 to 1.47), 1.20 (0.90 to 1.60), 1.35 (0.98 to 1.85), and 1.72 (1.31 to 2.26), respectively, for reporting ≥2 y since last dental cleaning. Conclusions: Findings suggest that ACEs may be associated with poor oral health measures in adulthood, even after adjusting for important oral diseases risk factors. Longitudinal follow-up studies are needed to delineate pathways by which this relationship occurs. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Our findings indicate that exposure to childhood trauma may have negative impacts on oral health in adulthood. Oral health practitioners need to be aware of the potential impacts of childhood trauma on health behaviors that ultimately affect oral health outcomes.

scholarly journals Intersections of Adverse Childhood Experiences, Race and Ethnicity and Asthma Outcomes: Findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8236
Author(s):  
Tristen Hall ◽  
Ronica Rooks ◽  
Carol Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Black African ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Racial and ethnic minority subpopulations experience a disproportionate burden of asthma and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). These disparities result from systematic differences in risk exposure, opportunity access, and return on resources, but we know little about how accumulated differentials in ACEs may be associated with adult asthma by racial/ethnic groups. We used Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data (N = 114,015) from 2009 through 2012 and logistic regression to examine the relationship between ACEs and adult asthma using an intersectional lens, investigating potential differences for women and men aged 18 and older across seven racial/ethnic groups. ACEs were significantly related to asthma, adjusting for race/ethnicity and other covariates. Compared to the reference group (Asians), asthma risk was significantly greater for Black/African American, American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN), White, and multiracial respondents. In sex-stratified interactional models, ACEs were significantly related to asthma among women. The relationship between ACEs and asthma was significantly weaker for Black/African American and AIAN women compared to the reference group (Asian women). The findings merit attention for the prevention and early detection of ACEs to mitigate long-term health disparities, supporting standardized screening and referrals in clinical settings, evidence-based prevention in communities, and the exploration of strategies to buffer the influence of adversities in health.

Associations among ACEs, Health Behavior, and Veteran Health by Service Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 876-892
Author(s):  
Tyler C. Hein ◽  
Benjamin Muz ◽  
Halima Ahmadi-Montecalvo ◽  
Tyler Smith
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Veteran Status ◽  
Trauma Informed

Objectives: Despite substantial research linking adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and health, it is unclear how associations differ by veteran status and military service era (draft, volunteer era). The current study evaluated differences in ACEs and health by veteran status and era, increasing understanding important for service provision as the volunteer era veteran population increases. Methods: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2012 data were used in univariate and weighted multivariable logistic regression models to assess associations among veteran status, service era, ACEs, and health. Results: Volunteer era veterans experienced the most ACEs (M = 2.42); draft era veterans experienced the fewest (M = 1.04). Individuals reporting 3 or more ACEs were 3.67 times (95% CI = 3.22-4.19) more likely to endorse depression, 1.32 times (95% CI = 1.17-1.48) more likely to report poorer general health, and 1.77 times (95% CI = 1.58-1.97) more likely to endorse poorer physical health, compared to those reporting none. Volunteer era veterans were 2.43 times more likely to report poorer physical health (95% CI = 1.49-3.97) than draft era veterans, adjusting for ACEs. Conclusions: ACEs were associated with poorer health independent of veteran status and service era. Volunteer era veterans experienced more ACEs; need for trauma-informed services supporting whole health may increase.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Subjective Cognitive Decline in the US

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482110587
Author(s):  
Monique J. Brown ◽  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Titilayo James ◽  
Carlos Avalos ◽  
Prince N. O. Addo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Us

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) among a representative sample of the adult US population. Methods Data were obtained from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ( N = 82,688, ≥45 years). Adverse childhood experiences included sexual, physical/psychological and environmental ACEs, and a score. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between ACEs and SCD, and SCD-related outcomes. Results Sexual (adjusted OR (aOR: 2.83; 95% CI: 2.42–3.31)), physical/psychological (aOR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.83–2.29), and environmental (aOR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.74–2.16) ACEs were associated with SCD in the past year. There was also a dose-response relationship between ACE score and SCD. Conclusion ACEs were associated with SCD. Interventions to maximize cognitive health in aging and prevent future cognitive impairment should consider the potential role of ACEs among affected populations.

Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Gambling in Nevada

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-255
Author(s):  
Winter Tucker ◽  
Joshua V. Garn ◽  
Wei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with lasting health and behavioral effects. In this study, we assess the relationship between ACEs and gambling in the state of Nevada. Methods: Using 2018 Nevada Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data, we assessed the relationship between ACEs and gambling behavior among 2768 participants. A composite score was used to assess 10 commonly researched ACEs; this continuous score was additionally categorized into 0 ACEs, 1-2 ACEs, 3 or more ACEs. We used weighted logistic regression to assess the relationship between ACEs scores and frequency of gambling. Results: Approximately 9% of study participants reported frequently gambling (one or more times a month). There was a positive association between the continuous ACEs score and frequently gambling in the fully adjusted model (p = .026). The odds of frequently gambling was 69% higher among those exposed to ≥ 3 ACEs compared to those who had no ACEs exposure (adjusted OR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.00-2.84; p = .048). Conclusions: The results show a relationship between ACEs and gambling in Nevada. This research contributes to the existing understanding of ACEs and their impact.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document