scholarly journals Using long-term ranging patterns to assess within-group and between-group competition in wild mountain gorillas

BMC Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Seiler ◽  
Martha M. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Gorillas ◽  
Ranging Patterns ◽  
Group Competition

Long-term dominance relationships in female mountain gorillas: strength, stability and determinants of rank

Behaviour ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha M. Robbins ◽  
Netzin Gerald-Steklis ◽  
Andew M. Robbins ◽  
H. Dieter Steklis
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Gorillas ◽  
Dominance Relationships

Intergroup encounters in mountain gorillas of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda

Behaviour ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 144 (12) ◽  
pp. 1497-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Robbins ◽  
Sarah Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Dominant Male ◽  
Mountain Gorillas ◽  
Group Competition ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Potential Migrant ◽  
Opposing Group ◽  
Solitary Males ◽  
Intergroup Encounters ◽  
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the influence of frugivory and social factors on behaviour during intergroup encounters in the mountain gorillas of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda. Frugivory was associated with an increase in the frequency of intergroup encounters, but had no impact on the length of the encounter, or on the type of behaviour exhibited, suggesting that while neighbouring groups may be attracted to limited fruit patches, there was no indication of between group feeding competition. Encounters with solitary males were more likely to elicit more avoidance, less tolerance, more herding behaviour, and a trend towards more aggression than encounters with groups. The number of potential migrant females and the number of silverbacks had no impact on the type of behaviour exhibited. However, an older dominant male was less likely to be aggressive towards the opposing group when a subordinate male was present, suggesting a collective action problem rather than cooperation in multi-male groups. Combined these results suggest that between group competition is linked more to mate defence and acquisition than resource defence. This study contributes to our understanding of the relationship among intergroup encounters, feeding ecology, reproductive strategies and social structure in gorillas.

scholarly journals Group dominance increases territory size and reduces neighbour pressure in wild chimpanzees

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 200577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Lemoine ◽  
Christophe Boesch ◽  
Anna Preis ◽  
Liran Samuni ◽  
Catherine Crockford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
Social Species ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Group Competition ◽  
Key Resources ◽  
Term Data

Territorial social species, including humans, compete between groups over key resources. This between-group competition has evolutionary implications on adaptations like in-group cooperation even with non-kin. An emergent property of between-group competition is group dominance. Mechanisms of group dominance in wild animal populations are difficult to study, as they require long-term data on several groups within a population. Here, using long-term data on four neighbouring groups of wild western chimpanzees, we test the hypothesis that group dominance impacts the costs and benefits of between-group competition, measured by territory size and the pressure exerted by neighbouring groups. Larger groups had larger territories and suffered less neighbour pressure compared with smaller groups. Within-group increase in the number of males led to territory increase, suggesting the role of males in territory acquisition. However, variation in territory sizes and neighbour pressure was better explained by group size. This suggests that the bisexually-bonded social system of western chimpanzees, where females participate in territorial behaviour, confers a competitive advantage to larger groups and that group dominance acts through group size in this population. Considering variation in social systems offers new insights on how group dominance acts in territorial species and its evolutionary implications on within-group cooperation.

Long-Term Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Food Availability for Endangered Mountain Gorillas in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
CYRIL C. GRUETER ◽  
FERDINAND NDAMIYABO ◽  
ANDREW J. PLUMPTRE ◽  
DIDIER ABAVANDIMWE ◽  
ROGER MUNDRY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
National Park ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Mountain Gorillas ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

scholarly journals Ranging Patterns and Site Fidelity of Snubfin Dolphins in Yawuru Nagulagun/Roebuck Bay, Western Australia

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra D’Cruz ◽  
Chandra Salgado Kent ◽  
Kelly Waples ◽  
Alexander M. Brown ◽  
Sarah A. Marley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Ranging Patterns ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Density Contour

For long-lived species such as marine mammals, having sufficient data on ranging patterns and space use in a timescale suitable for population management and conservation can be difficult. Yawuru Nagulagun/Roebuck Bay in the northwest of Western Australia supports one of the largest known populations of Australian snubfin dolphins (Orcaella heinsohni)—a species with a limited distribution, vulnerable conservation status, and high cultural value. Understanding the species’ use of this area will inform management for the long-term conservation of this species. We combined 11 years of data collected from a variety of sources between 2007 and 2020 to assess the ranging patterns and site fidelity of this population. Ranging patterns were estimated using minimum convex polygons (MCPs) and fixed kernel densities (weighted to account for survey effort) to estimate core and representative areas of use for both the population and for individuals. We estimated the population to range over a small area within the bay (103.05 km2). The Mean individual representative area of use (95% Kernel density contour) was estimated as 39.88 km2 (± 32.65 SD) and the Mean individual core area of use (50% Kernel density contour) was estimated as 21.66 km2 (±18.85 SD) with the majority of sightings located in the northern part of the bay less than 10 km from the coastline. Most individuals (56%) showed moderate to high levels of site fidelity (i.e., part-time or long-term residency) when individual re-sight rates were classified using agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). These results emphasize the importance of the area to this vulnerable species, particularly the area within the Port of Broome that has been identified within the population’s core range. The pressures associated with coastal development and exposure to vessel traffic, noise, and humans will need to be considered in ongoing management efforts. Analyzing datasets from multiple studies and across time could be beneficial for threatened species where little is known on their ranging patterns and site fidelity. Combined datasets can provide larger sample sizes over an extended period of time, fill knowledge gaps, highlight data limitations, and identify future research needs to be considered with dedicated studies.

Therapy and prevention for mental health: What if mental diseases are mostly not brain disorders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. A. Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Labor Education ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Political Decisions

AbstractNeurobiology-based interventions for mental diseases and searches for useful biomarkers of treatment response have largely failed. Clinical trials should assess interventions related to environmental and social stressors, with long-term follow-up; social rather than biological endpoints; personalized outcomes; and suitable cluster, adaptive, and n-of-1 designs. Labor, education, financial, and other social/political decisions should be evaluated for their impacts on mental disease.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

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