scholarly journals Measurement and explanation of socioeconomic inequality in catastrophic health care expenditure: evidence from the rural areas of Shaanxi Province

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjian Xu ◽  
Jianmin Gao ◽  
Zhongliang Zhou ◽  
Qinxiang Xue ◽  
Jinjuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Catastrophic Health Care Expenditure

Drug control: a prerequisite for health

1980 ◽  
Vol 209 (1174) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Third World ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Care Needs ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Limited List

The purchase of drugs employs an increasingly large part of the health budget of many Third World countries. Like health care expenditure as a whole, drug spending is heavily biased in favour of urban hospitals, often for expensive proprietary drugs that offer little benefit over cheaper preparations. As a result, because limited funds are available, vaccines and drugs for prevention and primary care are sometimes unavailable, especially in rural areas. The World Health Organization and many individual countries have responded to the problem of drug costs by creating a limited list of drugs considered essential for health care needs. Other methods of curtailing spending on drugs have included tendering for supplies and the establishment of plants to manufacture and formulate drugs. Controls of this type meet enormous resistance from doctors and pharmaceutical manufacturers, but are vital for the implementation of policies for appropriate health care.

Sociodemographic determinants of health care expenditure: micro level evidence of a fast-growing developing country

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Kang Cheah ◽  
Kim-Leng Goh ◽  
Azira Abdul Adzis
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Healthcare Intervention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Participation Decision ◽  
Household Heads

PurposeThe objective of this study is to examine the sociodemographic factors that are associated with health care expenditure among households in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines health care participation decision and amount of expenditure using the exponential Type 2 Tobit model. A dataset of a large sample (n = 14,838) that is nationally representative is used.FindingsThe results suggest that household size, location of residence as well as age, education and marital status of the household heads are significantly associated with household expenditure on health care. Health care expenditure increases with the age and educational attainment of household heads, whereas those who are being employed and residing in rural areas have lower health care expenditure. Although larger households are more likely to consume health care than smaller households, they spend less on health care. Furthermore, marital status does not affect the participation decision of health care expenditure, but the variable is associated with the decision on the amount of the expenditure.Practical implicationsThe results provide insights into groups of population that can be targeted for healthcare intervention programmes and policy design.Originality/valueThis study is the first to our knowledge to use a microeconometric approach to analyse the health care participation as well as its level of expenditure among households in Malaysia.

scholarly journals New Health Care Reform and Impoverishment among Chronic Households in China: A Random-Intercept Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074
Author(s):  
Yongjian Xu ◽  
Anupam Garrib ◽  
Zhongliang Zhou ◽  
Duolao Wang ◽  
Jianmin Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Reform ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
World Health ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Health Organization

High out-of-pocket (OOP) payments for chronic disease care often contribute directly to household poverty. Although previous studies have explored the determinants of impoverishment in China, few published studies have compared levels of impoverishment before and after the New Health Care Reform (NHCR) in households with members with chronic diseases (hereafter referred to as chronic households). Our study explored this using data from the fourth and fifth National Health Service Surveys conducted in Shaanxi Province. In total, 1938 households in 2008 and 7700 households in 2013 were included in the analysis. Rates of impoverishment were measured using a method proposed by the World Health Organization. Multilevel logistic modeling was used to explore the influence of the NHCR on household impoverishment. Our study found that the influence of NHCR on impoverishment varied by residential location. After the reform, in rural areas, there was a significant decline in impoverishment, although the impoverishment rate remained high. There was little change in urban areas. In addition, impoverishment in the poorest households did not decline after the NHCR. Our findings are important for policy makers in particular for evaluating reform effectiveness, informing directions for health policy improvement, and highlighting achievements in the efforts to alleviate the economic burden of households that have members with chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Catastrophic health care expenditure due to septic shock and dengue shock in Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (10) ◽  
pp. 649-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela McBride ◽  
B Thuy Duong ◽  
V Vinh Chau Nguyen ◽  
C Louise Thwaites ◽  
Hugo C Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Catastrophic Payments ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Median Hospital ◽  
Catastrophic Health Care Expenditure

Abstract Background The cost of treatment for infectious shock in intensive care in Vietnam is unknown. Methods We prospectively investigated hospital bills for adults treated for septic and dengue shock in Vietnam and calculated the proportion who faced catastrophic health care expenditures. Results The median hospital bills were US$617 for septic shock (n=100) and US$57 for dengue shock (n=88). Catastrophic payments were incurred by 47% (47/100) and 13% (11/88) of patients with septic shock and dengue shock, respectively, and 56% (25/45) and 84% (5/6) fatal cases of septic shock and dengue shock respectively. Conclusions Further advocacy is required to moderate insurance co-payments for costly critical care interventions.

scholarly journals Inequality in household catastrophic health care expenditure in a low-income society of Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 613-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kavosi ◽  
A. Rashidian ◽  
A. Pourreza ◽  
R. Majdzadeh ◽  
F. Pourmalek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Catastrophic Health Care Expenditure
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