Evaluating the health system financing of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries using Grey Relation Analysis and Shannon Entropy

Abstract Background Evaluating hospital efficiency is a process to optimize resource utilization and allocation. This is vital due to hospitals being the largest financial cost in a health system. To limit avoidable uses of hospital resources, it is important to identify the sources of hospital inefficiencies and to put in place measures towards their reduction and elimination. Thus, the purpose of this research is to examine the sources of hospital inefficiency in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, and existing strategies tackling this issue. Methods In this study, the electronic databases MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Embase, Google, Google Scholar, and reference lists of selected articles, were explored. Studies on inefficiency, sources of inefficiency, and strategies for inefficiency reduction in the Eastern Mediterranean region hospitals, published between January 1999 and May 2018, were identified. A total of 1466 articles were selected using the initial criteria. After further reviews based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 56 studies were eligible for this study. The chosen studies were conducted in Iran (n = 35), Saudi Arabia (n = 5), Tunisia (n = 5), Jordan (n = 4), Pakistan (n = 2), the United Arab Emirates, Palestine, Iraq, Oman, and Afghanistan (n = 1 each). These studies were analyzed using content analysis in MAXQDA 10. Results The analysis showed that approximately 41% of studies used data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure hospital efficiency. Sources of hospital inefficiency were divided into four categories for analysis: Hospital products and services, hospital workforce, hospital services delivery, and hospital system leakages. Conclusion This study has revealed some sources of inefficiency in the Eastern Mediterranean Region hospitals. Inefficiencies are thought to originate from excess workforce, excess beds, inappropriate hospital sizes, inappropriate workforce composition, lack of workforce motivation, and inefficient use of health system inputs. It is suggested that health policymakers and managers use this evidence to develop appropriate strategies towards the reduction of hospital inefficiency.

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Improved Grey Relation Analysis Based on AHP and Shannon Entropy for the Evaluation of Thermal Power Enterprise's Coal Supplier

2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing ◽

10.1109/wicom.2008.1578 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Liang Zhang ◽

Zhiwei Zhao ◽

Jianchang Lu

Keyword(s):

Shannon Entropy ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Grey Relation Analysis ◽

Relation Analysis ◽

Grey Relation

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Tobacco industry commissioned reports on illicit tobacco trade in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: how accurate are they?

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/emhj.20.131 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 1320-1322

Author(s):

Erin Sandberg ◽

Allen WA Gallagher ◽

Raouf Alebshehy

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Region ◽

Tobacco Industry ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽

Illicit Tobacco Trade

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Fuzzy grey relation analysis on torque influence factors of alternating current electrodyna-mometer

JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENT ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1187.2012.00693 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 693-698 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhigang Zhang ◽

Guixiang Zhang ◽

Teng Liu ◽

Cheng Qian ◽

Yuanwang Deng

Keyword(s):

Influence Factors ◽

Alternating Current ◽

Grey Relation Analysis ◽

Relation Analysis ◽

Grey Relation

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Correlation of Caesarean Section Rates to Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in the Eastern Mediterranean Region; A Population Based Ecological Study

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3391364 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Bismeen Jadoon ◽

Mahaini Rames ◽

Karima Gholbzouri ◽

Maha El-Adawy ◽

Mona A. Elawady ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Caesarean Section ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Mediterranean Region ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽

Population Based

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Global Prevalence Estimates of Toxascaris leonina Infection in Dogs and Cats

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9060503 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 503

Author(s):

Ali Rostami ◽

Seyed Mohammad Riahi ◽

Vahid Fallah Omrani ◽

Tao Wang ◽

Andreas Hofmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Region ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽

Global Prevalence ◽

Stray Cats ◽

Prevalence Estimates ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Paratenic Hosts ◽

Toxascaris Leonina

Toxascaris leonina is an ascaridoid nematode of dogs and cats; this parasite affects the health of these animals. This study estimated the global prevalence of Ta. leonina infection in dogs and cats using random effects meta-analysis as well as subgroup, meta-regression and heterogeneity analyses. The data were stratified according to geographical region, the type of dogs and cats and environmental variables. A quantitative analysis of 135 published studies, involving 119,317 dogs and 25,364 cats, estimated prevalence rates of Ta. leonina in dogs and cats at 2.9% and 3.4%, respectively. Prevalence was highest in the Eastern Mediterranean region (7.2% for dogs and 10.0% for cats) and was significantly higher in stray dogs (7.0% vs. 1.5%) and stray cats (7.5% vs. 1.8%) than in pets. The findings indicate that, worldwide, ~26 million dogs and ~23 million cats are infected with Ta. leonina; these animals would shed substantial numbers of Ta. leonina eggs into the environment each year and might represent reservoirs of infection to other accidental or paratenic hosts. It is important that populations of dogs and cats as well as other canids and felids be monitored and dewormed for Ta. leonina and (other) zoonotic helminths.

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