scholarly journals Airway pressure morphology and respiratory muscle activity during end-inspiratory occlusions in pressure support ventilation

Critical Care ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Soundoulounaki ◽  
Evangelia Akoumianaki ◽  
Eumorfia Kondili ◽  
Emmanouil Pediaditis ◽  
Georgios Prinianakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Support Ventilation ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Pressure Support ◽  
Support Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Activity

scholarly journals A Comparative Evaluation of Pressure-Triggering and Flow-Triggering in Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) for Neonates Using an Animal Model

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Uchiyama ◽  
H. Imanaka ◽  
N. Taenaka ◽  
S. Nakano ◽  
Y. Fujino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Pressure Support Ventilation ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Pressure Support ◽  
Trigger Delay ◽  
Support Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Flow ◽  
Oesophageal Pressure ◽  
Support Time

The triggering system in pressure support ventilation needs to respond rapidly, especially in neonates. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of flow-triggered and pressure-triggered pressure support ventilation on neonatal mechanical ventilation using an animal model. Respiratory flow, airway pressure, oesophageal pressure, and diaphragmatic electromyogram were measured during pressure support ventilation in five anaesthetized rabbits. The animals were connected to a VIPBIRD (Bird, U.S.A.) (CPAP mode, pressure support ventilation, 5 cm H2O) and PEEP 0 cm H2O). Flow-triggering sensitivity was set at 0.21/min, 0.51/min, 1.011/min, or 1.51/min. Pressure-triggering sensitivity was set at −1.0 cm H2O. Shorter trigger delay and longer pressure support time were observed in flow-triggering. There was also less diaphragmatic activity in flow-triggering as evidenced by the amplitude of integrated diaphragmatic electromyogram and negative deflection of oesophageal pressure. The findings suggest that flow-triggering will prove superior to pressure-triggering in pressure support ventilation for neonates.

Non-invasive ventilation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Masip ◽  
Kenneth Planas ◽  
Arantxa Mas
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Pressure Support Ventilation ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Pressure Support ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Support Ventilation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation

During the last 25 years, the use of non-invasive ventilation has grown substantially. Non-invasive ventilation refers to the delivery of positive pressure to the lungs without endotracheal intubation and plays a significant role in the treatment of patients with acute respiratory failure and in the domiciliary management of some chronic respiratory and sleep disorders. In the intensive and acute care setting, the primary aim of non-invasive ventilation is to avoid intubation, and it is mainly used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations, acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, or in the context of weaning, situations in which a reduction in mortality has been demonstrated. The principal techniques are continuous positive airway pressure and bilevel pressure support ventilation. Whereas non-invasive pressure support ventilation requires a ventilator, continuous positive airway pressure is a simpler technique that can be easily used in non-equipped areas such as the pre-hospital setting. The success of non-invasive ventilation is related to the adequate timing and selection of patients, as well as the appropriate use of interfaces, the synchrony of patient-ventilator, and the fine-tuning of the ventilator.

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on upper airway and respiratory muscle activity

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 2026-2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Alex ◽  
R. M. Aronson ◽  
E. Onal ◽  
M. Lopata
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Activity

To study the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on lung volume, and upper airway and respiratory muscle activity, we quantitated the CPAP-induced changes in diaphragmatic and genioglossal electromyograms, esophageal and transdiaphragmatic pressures (Pes and Pdi), and functional residual capacity (FRC) in six normal awake subjects in the supine position. CPAP resulted in increased FRC, increased peak and rate of rise of diaphragmatic activity (EMGdi and EMGdi/TI), decreased peak genioglossal activity (EMGge), decreased inspiratory time and inspiratory duty cycle (P less than 0.001 for all comparisons). Inspiratory changes in Pes and Pdi, as well as Pes/EMGdi and Pdi/EMGdi also decreased (P less than 0.001 for all comparisons), but mean inspiratory airflow for a given Pes increased (P less than 0.001) on CPAP. The increase in mean inspiratory airflow for a given Pes despite the decrease in upper airway muscle activity suggests that CPAP mechanically splints the upper airway. The changes in EMGge and EMGdi after CPAP application most likely reflect the effects of CPAP and the associated changes in respiratory system mechanics on the afferent input from receptors distributed throughout the intact respiratory system.

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