scholarly journals Differential effect of human ivermectin treatment on blood feeding Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya A Derua ◽  
William N Kisinza ◽  
Paul E Simonsen
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Ivermectin Treatment

Efficacy of mosquito nets treated with insecticide mixtures or mosaics against insecticide resistant Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Côte d'Ivoire

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Hougard ◽  
V. Corbel ◽  
R. N'Guessan ◽  
F. Darriet ◽  
F. Chandre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Mosquito Net ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Mosquito Nets ◽  
Experimental Huts ◽  
Insecticide Mixtures

AbstractOnly pyrethroid insecticides have so far been recommended for the treatment of mosquito nets for malaria control. Increasing resistance of malaria vectors to pyrethroids threatens to reduce the potency of this important method of vector control. Among the strategies proposed for resistance management is to use a pyrethroid and a non-pyrethroid insecticide in combination on the same mosquito net, either separately or as a mixture. Mixtures are particularly promising if there is potentiation between the two insecticides as this would make it possible to lower the dosage of each, as has been demonstrated under laboratory conditions for a mixture of bifenthrin (pyrethroid) and carbosulfan (carbamate). The effect of these types of treatment were compared in experimental huts on wild populations of Anopheles gambiae Giles and the nuisance mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say, both of which are multi-resistant. Four treatments were evaluated in experimental huts over six months: the recommended dosage of 50 mg m−2 bifenthrin, 300 mg m−2 carbosulfan, a mosaic of 300 mg m−2 carbosulfan on the ceiling and 50 mg m−2 bifenthrin on the sides, and a mixture of 6.25 mg m−2 carbosulfan and 25 mg m−2 bifenthrin. The mixture and mosaic treatments did not differ significantly in effectiveness from carbosulfan and bifenthrin alone against anophelines in terms of deterrency, induced exophily, blood feeding inhibition and overall mortality, but were more effective than in earlier tests with deltamethrin. These results are considered encouraging, as the combination of different classes of insecticides might be a potential tool for resistance management. The mixture might have an advantage in terms of lower cost and toxicity.

Beyond Nature and Nurture: Phenotypic Plasticity in Blood-Feeding Behavior of Anopheles gambiae s.s. When Humans Are Not Readily Accessible

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Lefèvre ◽  
Frédéric Thomas ◽  
François Renaud ◽  
Eric Elguero ◽  
Didier Fontenille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.S ◽  
Nature And Nurture

scholarly journals 20-Hydroxyecdysone Primes Innate Immune Responses That Limit Bacterial and Malarial Parasite Survival in Anopheles gambiae

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah A. Reynolds ◽  
Hyeogsun Kwon ◽  
Ryan C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innate Immune Function ◽  
Cellular Immune Function ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT Blood feeding is an integral behavior of mosquitoes to acquire nutritional resources needed for reproduction. This requirement also enables mosquitoes to serve as efficient vectors to acquire and potentially transmit a multitude of mosquito-borne diseases, most notably malaria. Recent studies suggest that mosquito immunity is stimulated following a blood meal, independent of infection status. Since blood feeding promotes production of the hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), we hypothesized that 20E plays an important role in priming the immune response for pathogen challenge. Here, we examine the immunological effects of priming Anopheles gambiae with 20E prior to pathogen infection, demonstrating a significant reduction in bacteria and Plasmodium berghei survival in the mosquito host. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis following 20E treatment identifies several known 20E-regulated genes, as well as several immune genes with previously reported function in antipathogen defense. Together, these data demonstrate that 20E influences cellular immune function and antipathogen immunity following mosquito blood feeding, arguing the importance of hormones in the regulation of mosquito innate immune function. IMPORTANCE Blood feeding is required to provide nutrients for mosquito egg production and serves as a mechanism to acquire and transmit pathogens. Shortly after a blood meal is taken, there is a peak in the production of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), a mosquito hormone that initiates physiological changes, including yolk protein production and mating refractoriness. Here, we examine additional roles of 20E in the regulation of mosquito immunity, demonstrating that priming the immune system with 20E increases mosquito resistance to pathogens. We identify differentially expressed genes in response to 20E treatment, including several involved in innate immune function as well as lipid metabolism and transport. Together, these data argue that 20E stimulates mosquito cellular immune function and innate immunity shortly after blood feeding.

scholarly journals Molecular analysis of photic inhibition of blood-feeding in Anopheles gambiae

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchismita Das ◽  
George Dimopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Blood Feeding
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