Intrauterine growth restriction and its associated factors in South Gondar zone hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019

Abstract Background After prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is the second leading cause of perinatal mortality. IUGR has significant consequences in fetal, neonatal, and adult life. Currently, Ethiopia lacks information on IUGR’s prevalence and its determinants. This study aimed to assess the proportion of IUGR at birth and its associated factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among women who give birth in four hospitals of south Gonder zone from November 2018 to February 2019. Multi-stage sampling was applied to select the required samples. IUGR was assessed using a standardized cutoff percentile/mean for each measurement. Data were collected by trained MSc clinical midwives. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic analyses were deployed to identify the association. Results A total of 803 maternity women were participating in this study with a response rate of 95%. The proportion of IUGR 23.5% (95% CI: 20.7–26.6), low birth weight 13.3%, small-for- gestational-age 19.7%,and preterm birth 23.16%. Women who was unable to read and write, (AOR; 2.46, 95% CI: 1.02–5.92), total family size ≥7 (AOR; 1.67, 95% CI: 1.04–2.66), maternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) < 23 cm (AOR; 2.10, 95% CI: 1.39–3.01), body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2 (AOR; 2.57, 95% CI: 1.72–3.83), altitude > 3000 m (AOR; 1.89 95% CI: 1.19–3.01), small placental size (< 350 g) (AOR; 2.42, 95% CI: 1.67–3.54) and small-for-gestational-age (AOR; 1.94, 95% CI:1.86–4.52) were the most predictors of IUGR. Conclusions IUGR was a major public health concern in this study. Women who were unable to read and write, small-for-gestational-age, maternal BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, family size ≥7, maternal MUAC < 23 cm, small placental size, and altitude > 3000 m were found the most predictor variables. Strengthen female education, nutritional intervention before and during pregnancy, and routine maternity care is critical. Further clinical follow-up research is essential which includes maternal, fetal, and placental gens.

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Mass spectrometric profiling of cord blood serum proteomes to distinguish infants with intrauterine growth restriction from those who are small for gestational age and from control individuals

Translational Research ◽

10.1016/j.trsl.2013.12.003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 164 (1) ◽

pp. 57-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ulrich Pecks ◽

Isabelle Kirschner ◽

Manja Wölter ◽

Dietmar Schlembach ◽

Cornelia Koy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Mass Spectrometric ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Cord Blood Serum

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First-trimester uterine artery Doppler indices in the prediction of small-for-gestational age pregnancy and intrauterine growth restriction

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1002/uog.6368 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 524-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

K. Melchiorre ◽

K. Leslie ◽

F. Prefumo ◽

A. Bhide ◽

B. Thilaganathan

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Uterine Artery ◽

First Trimester ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Uterine Artery Doppler ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Doppler Indices

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Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial: treatment of early intrauterine growth restriction with low molecular weight heparin (TRACIP)

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020501 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. e020501

Author(s):

Edurne Mazarico ◽

Anna Peguero ◽

Marta Camprubí ◽

Carlota Rovira ◽

Maria Dolores Gomez Roig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Early Onset ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽

Adult Life ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Link Type

IntroductionThe incidence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is estimated at about 3% of pregnancies, and it is associated with 30% of all perinatal mortality and severe morbidity with adverse neurodevelopmental and cardiovascular health consequences in adult life. Early onset IUGR represents 20%–30% of all cases and is highly associated with severe placental insufficiency. The existing evidence suggests that low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has effects beyond its antithrombotic action, improving placental microvessel structure and function of pregnant women with vascular obstetric complications by normalising proangiogenic and antiapoptotic protein levels, cytokines and inflammatory factors. The objective of our study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of LMWH in prolonging gestation in pregnancies with early-onset IUGR.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, triple-blind, parallel-arm randomised clinical trial. Singleton pregnancies qualifying for early (20–32 weeks at diagnosis) placental IUGR (according to Delphi criteria) will be randomised to subcutaneous treatment with bemiparin 3500 IU/0.2 mL/day or placebo from inclusion at diagnosis to the time of delivery. Analyses will be based on originally assigned groups (intention-to-treat). The primary objective will be analysed by comparing gestational age and prolongation of pregnancy (days) in each group with Student’s t-tests for independent samples and by comparing Kaplan-Maier survival curves (from inclusion to delivery, log-rank test). A linear regression model for gestational age at birth will consider the following covariates: gestational age at inclusion (continuous) and pre-eclampsia (binary).Ethics and disseminationThe study will be conducted in accordance with the principles of Good Clinical Practice. This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee (CEIC) of Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, on 13 July 2017. The trial is registered in the public registrywww.clinicaltrial.gov. according to Science Law 14/2011, and the results will be published in an open access journal.Trial registration numberNCT03324139; Pre-results.

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