scholarly journals Receipt of medications for opioid use disorder among youth engaged in primary care: data from 6 health systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Bagley ◽  
Laura Chavez ◽  
Jordan M. Braciszewski ◽  
Mary Akolsile ◽  
Denise M. Boudreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Medication Treatment ◽  
Health Disorders

Abstract Purpose Little is known about prevalence and treatment of OUD among youth engaged in primary care (PC). Medications are the recommended treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) for adolescents and young adults (youth). This study describes the prevalence of OUD, the prevalence of medication treatment for OUD, and patient characteristics associated with OUD treatment among youth engaged in PC. Methods This cross-sectional study includes youth aged 16–25 years engaged in PC. Eligible patients had ≥ 1 PC visit during fiscal years (FY) 2014–2016 in one of 6 health systems across 6 states. Data from electronic health records and insurance claims were used to identify OUD diagnoses, office-based OUD medication treatment, and patient demographic and clinical characteristics in the FY of the first PC visit during the study period. Descriptive analyses were conducted in all youth, and stratified by age (16–17, 18–21, 22–25 years). Results Among 303,262 eligible youth, 2131 (0.7%) had a documented OUD diagnosis. The prevalence of OUD increased by ascending age groups. About half of youth with OUD had documented depression or anxiety and one third had co-occurring substance use disorders. Receipt of medication for OUD was lowest among youth 16–17 years old (14%) and highest among those aged 22–25 (39%). Conclusions In this study of youth engaged in 6 health systems across 6 states, there was low receipt of medication treatment, and high prevalence of other substance use disorders and mental health disorders. These findings indicate an urgent need to increase medication treatment for OUD and to integrate treatment for other substance use and mental health disorders.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders among Individuals Enrolled in an Emergency Response Program for Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117822182098199
Author(s):  
Christine Bakos-Block ◽  
James R Langabeer ◽  
Andrea Yatsco ◽  
Marylou Cardenas-Turanzas ◽  
Tiffany Champagne-Langabeer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Health Disorders

Background: Psychiatric co-occurring disorders among individuals with opioid use disorder has primarily focused on epidemiological surveys of patients in continuous or long-term treatment, yet little is known about the socio-economically vulnerable who are non-treatment seeking prior to an emergency response. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who had enrolled in a study involving home outreach to patients referred from police, emergency medical services (EMS), or hospital emergency departments following an emergency response. The sample is largely socio-economically vulnerable with high rates of unemployment and uninsured. Eligible consenting patients received an intervention consisting of medication (buprenorphine), behavioral counseling, and peer support. Participants completed semi-structured, psychological instruments to assess current and prior history for both substance use and mental health disorders. We used descriptive statistics to evaluate rates of co-occurring mental health comorbidity. Results: Among 102 patients (average age = 36.5 years old), approximately 61 (59.8%) reported a prior mental health diagnosis, with 31 (30.3%) currently on medications for their diagnoses. Mood and anxiety disorders were most frequently recorded. Just over half (51%) had received any prior treatment for their substance use. Of those with dual disorders, 67.2% had experienced prior suicidal thoughts, and 63.7% reported polysubstance use of 5 or more substances. Conclusion: Co-occurring psychiatric disorders, and specifically mood and anxiety disorders, appear to be prevalent in vulnerable populations at an increased rate. Mental health assessments should routinely be performed in the emergency setting and in early stages of treatment.

scholarly journals Identifying a Need for Mental Health Services Posthospitalization in Adolescent Trauma Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Hochstetler ◽  
Ashley Vetor ◽  
Jodi Raymond ◽  
Hannah Bozell ◽  
Teresa Bell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use

Background: Nearly 150,000 children were hospitalized due to an injury in 2018. Hospitalized patients are often prescribed opioids and as a result, one in eight adolescents will continue using opioids twelve months after hospitalization. Predictors of sustained opioid use and future misuse posthospitalization have yet to be studied in adolescents. One of these predictors may be mental health disorders following hospitalization. It is known mental health disorders can lead to substance use disorders if not addressed properly. In this study we examined the associations between injury severity, mental health, and substance use among adolescents.     Methods: Patients between 12 to 18 years old admitted for trauma were surveyed upon enrollment, and subsequently at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months posthospitalization. These surveys measured anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, prescription and non-prescription drug use, pain severity and pain interference.   Results: At enrollment and one-month posthospitalization, higher pain interference was associated with anxiety (p=.003), depression (p<.001), and PTSD (p=.004). Increased pain severity was also associated with higher PTSD (p=.003) However, at three months, pain severity and interference were only associated with PTSD (p=.005, p=.009). Frequent alcohol use and higher PTSD were found to be statistically significant at six and twelve months (p=.02). Regular prescription opioid use was related to higher anxiety (p=.048) and depression (p=.048) only at enrollment and higher PTSD only at one month (p=.034). Prescription opioid use was not associated with pain severity and interference at enrollment but was found significant at one month (p=.016, p=.36).    Conclusion: Adolescents who reported higher pain severity and interference also more commonly had mental health disorders such as PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Higher PTSD scores and frequent alcohol use were also related post-injury. Screening for mental health after hospitalization should be further investigated in identifying adolescents who may be at risk for future opioid use disorders. 

Anhedonia and Substance Use Disorders by Type, Severity, and With Mental Health Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel W. Stull ◽  
Jeremiah W. Bertz ◽  
David H. Epstein ◽  
Bethany C. Bray ◽  
Stephanie T. Lanza
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Health Disorders

Yoga for Mental Health Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-198
Author(s):  
Bhargav Hemant ◽  
Rashmi Arasappa ◽  
Inbaraj G. ◽  
Kaviraja Udupa ◽  
Shivarama Varambally
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Yoga Therapy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Health Disorders

This chapter is divided into four subsections: the first section of the chapter provides an update on current evidence for yoga therapy in common mental health disorders, the second section provides brief overview on neurophysiological abnormalities in psychiatric disorders and their relationship with psychological stress, the third section deals with summary of evidence for neurophysiological effects of yoga in mental health disorders, and the last section emphasizes on practical aspects of yoga therapy with details of clinically useful yoga practices for common mental health disorders. The mental health disorders covered in this chapter include depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, child and adolescent psychiatric disorders, substance use disorders, and geriatric psychiatric disorders.

Mental Health Conditions and Substance Use Disorders Among Youth Subsequently Diagnosed With Opioid Use Disorder or Opioid Poisoning

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Edeanya Agbese ◽  
Bradley D. Stein ◽  
Benjamin G. Druss ◽  
Andrew W. Dick ◽  
Rosalie L. Pacula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

scholarly journals Substance Use and Mental Health Outcomes During Emerging Adulthood Among Individuals With Different Patterns of Child Maltreatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 542-547
Author(s):  
Kate Guastaferro ◽  
Bethany C. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Health Disorders

The aim of the current study was to identify patterns of child maltreatment experienced prior to age 18 and examine the relationship between those patterns and substance use and mental health disorders among emerging adults. Data were from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. The analytic sample consisted of 5,194 adults between 18 and 25 years old. Latent class analysis revealed a three-class model: Rare Maltreatment (59%); Occasional Maltreatment, Rare Sexual Abuse (37%); and Frequent Maltreatment, Some Sexual Abuse (4%). Risk of substance use disorders and poor mental health was higher for the two classes who experienced maltreatment; however, those with Frequent Maltreatment had higher risk of poor mental health, but not substance use disorders compared to those with Occasional Maltreatment. Patterns of child maltreatment are important predictors of substance use and mental health disorders in emerging adulthood, but different patterns may necessitate specific intervention efforts.

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