scholarly journals Effect of platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma on peri-implant innervation in dog mandibles

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Song ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Jeroen Van Dessel ◽  
Sohaib Shujaat ◽  
Kaan Orhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Local Application ◽  
Myelinated Nerve ◽  
Myelinated Nerve Fibers ◽  
Platelet Poor Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Autologous plasma fractions, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP), contain growth factors that can enhance neural cell survival and are therefore likely to have the ability to promote nerve regeneration. The present study compared the effect of PRP and PPP application on myelinated nerve density and diameter in the peri-implant bone region. In addition, the effect of healing time on nerve regeneration was assessed. Materials and methods Nine beagle dogs randomly received 54 dental implants in the bilateral mandible according to a split-mouth design. Each implant was randomly assigned to one of three implant protocols: delayed implant placement with delayed loading (DIP + DL) with local application of PRP, DIP + DL with local application of PPP and DIP + DL without any plasma additive. The animals were euthanized at 1, 3, and 6 months after loading (3 dogs per time point). Block biopsies were prepared for histomorphometry in the peri-implant bone within 500 μm around the implants. Results Myelinated nerve fibers were identified in the trabecular bone and in the osteons near the implants surface. The nerve fibers in the PRP group (median ± IQR; 2.88 ± 1.55 μm) had a significantly (p < 0.05) greater diameter compared to the PPP (2.40 ± 0.91 μm) and control (2.11 ± 1.16 μm) group. The nerve diameter after 6 months healing (3.18 ± 1.58 μm) was significantly (p < 0.05) greater compared to 1 (2.08 ± 0.89 μm) and 3 (2.49 ± 1.22 μm) months. No significant difference was found for myelinated nerve density between groups and healing time. Conclusions The present study showed that the healing time significantly influenced the diameter of the myelinated nerve fibers in peri-implant bone. PRP exerted a significant effect on the diameter of the myelinated nerve fibers as compared to PPP. Large-scale animal studies and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these findings and to verify whether platelet plasma can facilitate nerve regeneration process.

scholarly journals CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY OF NODAL AND INTERNODAL REGIONS OF MYELINATED NERVE FIBERS OF FROG

1967 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miro Brzin ◽  
Wolf-D. Dettbarn
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Node Of Ranvier ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Selective Inhibitors ◽  
Myelinated Nerve ◽  
Myelinated Nerve Fibers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Saltatory Conduction

The distribution of cholinesterase (Ch-esterase) in isolated myelinated fibers of the frog has been investigated. Quantitative microgasometric measurements have confirmed the previous histochemical observations. Both approaches indicate that in frog nerve fibers acetylcholinesterase (ACh-esterase) is the only or the predominant enzyme when selective inhibitors and different substrates are used: acetylcholine (ACh), butyrylcholine, and acetyl-B-methylcholine (Mecholyl). By means of the microgasometric technique, a significant difference in ACh-esterase activity between axons isolated from ventral (37.2 ± 1.7 µmole x 10-5 ACh/mm2/hr) and dorsal roots (2.0 ± 0.9 µmole x 10-5 ACh/mm2/hr) was found. In the region of the node of Ranvier the enzyme activity (50.4 ± 4.4 µmole x 10-5 ACh/mm2/hr) appears to be considerably higher than in the internodal area (36.6 ± 2.1 µmole x 10-5 ACh/mm2/hr). The findings are discussed in relation to the theory of saltatory conduction and the ACh system.

scholarly journals THE SUBMICROSCOPIC ORGANIZATION OF AXON MATERIAL ISOLATED FROM MYELIN NERVE FIBERS

1953 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. De Robertis ◽  
C. M. Franchi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Myelinated Nerve ◽  
Myelinated Nerve Fibers ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Membranous Material ◽  
The Way

A technique has been developed for the extrusion of axon material from myelinated nerve fibers. This material is then compressed and prepared for observation with the electron microscope. All the stages of preparation and purification of the axon material can be checked microscopically and in the present paper they are illustrated with phase contrast photomicrographs. Observation with the electron microscope of the compressed axons showed the presence of the following components: granules, fibrils, and a membranous material. Only the larger granules could be seen with the ordinary microscope. A considerable number of dense granules were observed. Of these the largest resemble typical mitochondria of 250 mµ by 900 mµ. In addition rows or small clusters of dense granules ranging in diameter from 250 to 90 mµ were present. In several specimens fragments of a membrane 120 to 140 A thick and intimately connected with the axon were found. The entire axon appeared to be constituted of a large bundle of parallel tightly packed fibrils among which the granules are interspersed. The fibrils are of indefinite length and generally smooth. They are rather labile structures, less resistant in the rat than in the toad nerve. They varied between 100 and 400 A in diameter and in some cases disintegrated into very fine filaments (less than 100 A thick). The significance is discussed of the submicroscopic structures revealed by electron microscopy of the material prepared in the way described.

scholarly journals A simplified empirical modeling of electrophysiological activity in a bundle of myelinated nerve fibers

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 3345-3350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Gabriel Piza ◽  
Fernando Daniel Farfan ◽  
Ana Lia Albarracin ◽  
Facundo Adrian Lucianna ◽  
Jorge Humberto Soletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Empirical Modeling ◽  
Myelinated Nerve ◽  
Myelinated Nerve Fibers ◽  
Electrophysiological Activity

scholarly journals Myelin Basic Protein and Cardiac Sympathetic Neurodegeneration in Nonhuman Primates

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jeanette M. Metzger ◽  
Helen N. Matsoff ◽  
Don Vu ◽  
Alexandra D. Zinnen ◽  
Kathryn M. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Myelin Basic Protein ◽  
Basic Protein ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Myelinated Nerve ◽  
Myelinated Nerve Fibers ◽  
Pparγ Agonist ◽  
Nerve Bundles

Minimal myelination is proposed to be a contributing factor to the preferential nigral neuronal loss in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Similar to nigral dopaminergic neurons, sympathetic neurons innervating the heart have long, thin axons which are unmyelinated or minimally myelinated. Interestingly, cardiac sympathetic loss in PD is heterogeneous across the heart, yet the spatial relationship between myelination and neurodegeneration is unknown. Here, we report the mapping of myelin basic protein (MBP) expression across the left ventricle of normal rhesus macaques (n = 5) and animals intoxicated with systemic 6-OHDA (50 mg/kg iv) to model parkinsonian cardiac neurodegeneration (n = 10). A subset of 6-OHDA-treated rhesus received daily dosing of pioglitazone (5 mg/kg po; n = 5), a PPARγ agonist with neuroprotective properties. In normal animals, MBP-immunoreactivity (-ir) was identified surrounding approximately 14% of axonal fibers within nerve bundles of the left ventricle, with more myelinated nerve fibers at the base level of the left ventricle than the apex p < 0.014 . Greater MBP-ir at the base was related to a greater number of nerve bundles at that level relative to the apex p < 0.05 , as the percent of myelinated nerve fibers in bundles was not significantly different between levels of the heart. Cardiac sympathetic loss following 6-OHDA was associated with decreased MBP-ir in cardiac nerve bundles, with the percent decrease of MBP-ir greater in the apex (84.5%) than the base (52.0%). Interestingly, cardiac regions and levels with more MBP-ir in normal animals showed attenuated sympathetic loss relative to areas with less MBP-ir in 6-OHDA + placebo (r = −0.7, p < 0.014 ), but not in 6-OHDA + pioglitazone (r = −0.1) subjects. Our results demonstrate that myelination is present around a minority of left ventricle nerve bundle fibers, is heterogeneously distributed in the heart of rhesus macaques, and has a complex relationship with cardiac sympathetic neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.

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