Dementia with Lewy bodies

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 360-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jane Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Lewy Body ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Dementia Syndrome ◽  
Distinct Disease

Dementia with cortical Lewy bodies (LBD) was first described by Okazakiet alin 1961 and is now recognised as a relatively common cause of the dementia syndrome. The true prevalence of LBD is unknown. In post-mortem studies of patients diagnosed as having dementia in life, the mean frequency of Lewy body dementia is 12.5% (Byrne, 1997). Clinically diagnosed LBD (using operational clinical criteria) is found in 10–23% of patients presenting to, or in the care of, psychogeriatric services (Collertonet al, 1996). What is not yet certain is its nosological status; opinion is divided between regarding it as a variety of Alzheimer's disease (the Lewy body variant), a distinct disease (senile dementia of the Lewy body type) or a spectrum disorder related to both Parkinson's disease and to Alzheimer's disease (Byrne, 1992).

scholarly journals Evidence of compensation in the brain networks of Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer’s disease patients

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis R. Peraza ◽  
Ruth Cromarty ◽  
Xenia Kobeleva ◽  
Michael J. Firbank ◽  
Alison Killen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Lewy Body ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
The Brain

AbstractDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) require differential management despite presenting with symptomatic overlap. A human electrophysiological difference is a decrease of dominant frequency (DF) −the highest power frequency between 4-15Hz– in DLB; a characteristic of Parkinsonian diseases. We analysed electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings from old adults: healthy controls (HCs), AD, DLB and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) patients. Brain networks were assessed with the minimum spanning tree (MST) within six EEG bands: delta, theta, high-theta, alpha, beta and DF. Patients showed lower alpha band connectivity and lower DF than HCs. Lewy body dementias showed a randomised MST compared with HCs and AD in high-theta and alpha but not within the DF. The MST randomisation in DLB and PDD reflects decreased brain efficiency as well as impaired neural synchronisation. However, the lack of network topology differences at the DF indicates a compensatory response of the brain to the neuropathology.

A quantitative comparison of plaque types in Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of the Lewy body type

1996 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 526-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette E. McKenzie ◽  
Richard J. Edwards ◽  
Stephen M. Gentleman ◽  
Paul G. Ince ◽  
Robert H. Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Lewy Body ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Senile Dementia Of The

scholarly journals Diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Lewy Body ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Dementia Syndrome

The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a 2-stage process, in stage 1, the dementia syndrome, comprising neuropsychologic and neuropsychiatrie components together with deficits in activities of daily living, is differentiated on clinical grounds from a number of other conditions (delirium, concomitant physical illness, drug treatment normal memory loss, etc), in stage 2, the cause is determined, AD being the most common, followed by vascular dementia, Lewy-body dementia, frontal lobe dementia, and a host of so-called secondary causes. Although a mixed Alzheimer/vascular picture is common, gradual onset of multiple cognitive deficits is typical of AD, while abrupt onset, a fluctuating course, hypertension, and focal neurologic signs suggest vascular dementia, in Lewy-body dementia, memory loss may not be an early feature, and fluctuation can be marked by distressing psychotic symptoms and behavioral disturbance, investigations should be minimally invasive and relatively cheap, confined to routine blood tests, chest x-ray and/or electrocardiogram if clinically indicated, cardiologie or neurologic referral in the presence of cerebrovascular signs, and computed tomography if an intracranial lesion is suspected. Accurate diagnosis enables the clinician to outline the disease course to the family and inform them of genetic implications. Numerous instruments for assessing cognitive function, global status, psychiatric well-being, and activities of daily living are briefly reviewed.

Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Dementia With Lewy Bodies

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian G. McKeith
Keyword(s):  
Lewy Body ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Body Disease ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Diffuse Lewy Body Disease ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the currently preferred term for a variety of clinical diagnoses that have risen to prominence during the last decade (McKeith et al., 1996). These include diffuse Lewy body disease, dementia associated with cortical Lewy bodies, the Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Hansen et al., 1990), senile dementia of the Lewy body type, and Lewy body dementia. Initially thought to be uncommon, DLB is now recognized as the second most common pathologic cause of dementia, accounting for up to 20% of all elderly cases reaching autopsy.

scholarly journals Genetic Association between Presenilin 2 Polymorphisms and Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia of Lewy Body Type in a Japanese Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Suzuki ◽  
Nobuto Shibata ◽  
Koji Kasanuki ◽  
Tomoyuki Nagata ◽  
Shunichiro Shinagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Lewy Body ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Presenilin 2

Background/Aims: Mutations in the presenilin 2 (PSEN2) gene cause familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). Common polymorphisms affect gene activity and increase the risk of AD. Nonsynonymous polymorphisms in the PSEN2 gene showed Lewy body dementia (LBD) phenotypes clinically. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether PSEN2 gene polymorphisms were associated with AD or LBD. Methods: Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the gene were analyzed using a case-control study design comprising 288 AD patients, 76 LBD patients, and 105 age-matched controls. Results: Linkage disequilibrium (LD) examination showed strong LD from rs1295645 to rs8383 on the gene in our cases from Japan. There were no associations between the SNPs studied here and AD onset, and haplotypic analyses did not detect genetic associations between AD and the PSEN2 gene. Although the number of the cases was small, the SNPs studied did not modify the risk of developing LBD in a Japanese population. Conclusion: The common SNPs of the PSEN2 gene did not affect the risk of AD or LBD in a Japanese population. Because genetic variability of the PSEN2 gene is associated with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in AD and LBD, further detailed analyses considering BPSD of both diseases would be required.

scholarly journals P.052 Understanding the influence of APOE-ɛ4 on magnetic resonance imaging-based hippocampal phenotypes in Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (s3) ◽  
pp. S34-S34
Author(s):  
U Saeed ◽  
P Desmarais ◽  
M Masellis
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Lewy Body ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Hippocampal Atrophy ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Background: The ɛ4-allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE-ɛ4) increases the risk not only for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but also for Parkinson’s disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies (collectively, Lewy body dementia [LBD]). Hippocampal volume is an important neuroimaging biomarker for AD and LBD, although its association with APOE-ɛ4 is inconsistently reported. We investigated the association of APOE-ε4 with hippocampal atrophy quantified using magnetic resonance imaging in AD and LBD. Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science) were systematically searched for studies published up until December 31st, 2020. Results: Thirty-nine studies (25 cross-sectional, 14 longitudinal) were included. We observed that: (1) APOE-ε4 was associated with greater rate of hippocampal atrophy in AD and those who progressed from mild cognitive impairment to AD, (2) APOE-ε4 carriers showed greater involvement of cornu ammonis-1 hippocampal subfield versus non-carriers in AD, (3) APOE-ɛ4 may influence hippocampal atrophy in dementia with Lewy bodies, although longitudinal investigations are required, and (4) APOE-ε4 associated with earlier rather than very late expression of mediotemporal degeneration and memory-related neurocognitive impairment. Conclusions: The role of APOE-ɛ4 in modulating hippocampal phenotypes may be further clarified through more homogenous, well-powered, pathology-proven studies. Understanding the underlying mechanisms will facilitate development of prevention strategies targeting APOE-ɛ4.

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of 123I-FP-CIT SPECT in possible dementia with Lewy bodies

2009 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. O'Brien ◽  
Ian G. McKeith ◽  
Zuzana Walker ◽  
Klaus Tatsch ◽  
Jan Booij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Lewy Body ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography

Background123I-FP-CIT SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) can help in the differential diagnosis of probable dementia with Lewy bodies (Lewy body dementia) and Alzheimer's disease.AimsOur aim was to determine the accuracy of 123I-FP-CIT SPECT in diagnosing people with possible dementia with Lewy bodies.MethodWe undertook a 12-month follow-up of 325 individuals with probable or possible Lewy body or non-Lewy body dementia who had previously undergone 123I-FP-CIT SPECT. A consensus panel masked to SPECT findings, established diagnosis at 12 months in 264 people.ResultsOf 44 people with possible dementia with Lewy bodies at baseline, at follow-up the diagnosis for 19 people was probable dementia with Lewy bodies (43%), in 7 people non-Lewy body dementia (16%) and for 18 individuals it remained possible dementia with Lewy bodies (41%). Of the 19 who at follow-up were diagnosed with probable dementia with Lewy bodies, 12 had abnormal scans at baseline (sensitivity 63%); all 7 individuals with a possible diagnosis who were diagnosed as having Alzheimer's disease at follow-up had normal scans (specificity 100%).ConclusionsOur findings confirm the diagnostic accuracy of 123I-FP-CIT SPECT in distinguishing Lewy body from non-Lewy body dementia and also suggest a clinically useful role in diagnostically uncertain cases, as an abnormal scan in a person with possible dementia with Lewy bodies is strongly suggestive of dementia with Lewy bodies.

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