Perception of Speech in Schizophrenia

1964 ◽  
Vol 110 (466) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Lawson ◽  
Andrew McGhie ◽  
James Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Attention And Perception ◽  
Normal Speech ◽  
Selection Of

The study reported in this paper derived from an experimental investigation of anomalies of attention and perception found in schizophrenic patients (Chapman and McGhie, 1961, 1962). The application of an experimental battery of tests to a group of schizophrenic patients had shown that the short-term memory of schizophrenics is particularly vulnerable to interference by irrelevant stimuli. These tests assessed the schizophrenic patient's capacity to perceive and recall a series of non-meaningful auditory and visual stimuli, and therefore did not deal with conditions approximating to normal speech. The clinical material gathered from young schizophrenic patients in the course of our investigations did however amply illustrate some of their difficulties in the perception of speech. Since the present study was to a large extent suggested by the reports made by these patients, it may be pertinent to present here a selection of the verbatim accounts of how they found difficulty in comprehending other people's speech. These comments are selected from tape-recorded interviews with schizophrenic patients, each account having been given by a different patient.

Probed recall for serial order deficits in short-term memory in schizophrenic patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 59 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brita Elvevåg ◽  
Joscelyn E Fisher ◽  
Terry E Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Serial Order ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

scholarly journals Crossmodal Semantic Congruence Interacts with Object Contextual Consistency in Complex Visual Scenes to Enhance Short-Term Memory Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1206
Author(s):  
Erika Almadori ◽  
Serena Mastroberardino ◽  
Fabiano Botta ◽  
Riccardo Brunetti ◽  
Juan Lupiáñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Scenes ◽  
Semantic Congruence

Object sounds can enhance the attentional selection and perceptual processing of semantically-related visual stimuli. However, it is currently unknown whether crossmodal semantic congruence also affects the post-perceptual stages of information processing, such as short-term memory (STM), and whether this effect is modulated by the object consistency with the background visual scene. In two experiments, participants viewed everyday visual scenes for 500 ms while listening to an object sound, which could either be semantically related to the object that served as the STM target at retrieval or not. This defined crossmodal semantically cued vs. uncued targets. The target was either in- or out-of-context with respect to the background visual scene. After a maintenance period of 2000 ms, the target was presented in isolation against a neutral background, in either the same or different spatial position as in the original scene. The participants judged the same vs. different position of the object and then provided a confidence judgment concerning the certainty of their response. The results revealed greater accuracy when judging the spatial position of targets paired with a semantically congruent object sound at encoding. This crossmodal facilitatory effect was modulated by whether the target object was in- or out-of-context with respect to the background scene, with out-of-context targets reducing the facilitatory effect of object sounds. Overall, these findings suggest that the presence of the object sound at encoding facilitated the selection and processing of the semantically related visual stimuli, but this effect depends on the semantic configuration of the visual scene.

scholarly journals Real-time Recognition of Interleaved Activities Based on Ensemble Classifier of Long Short-Term Memory with Fuzzy Temporal Windows

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (19) ◽  
pp. 1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Quero ◽  
Claire Orr ◽  
Shuai Zang ◽  
Chris Nugent ◽  
Alberto Salguero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Ensemble Classifier ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Binary Sensor ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Temporal Windows ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper, we present a methodology for Real-Time Activity Recognition of Interleaved Activities based on Fuzzy Logic and Recurrent Neural Networks. Firstly, we propose a representation of binary-sensor activations based on multiple Fuzzy Temporal Windows. Secondly, an ensemble of activity-based classifiers for balanced training and selection of relevant sensors is proposed. Each classifier is configured as a Long Short-Term Memory with self-reliant detection of interleaved activities. The proposed approach was evaluated using well-known interleaved binary-sensor datasets comprised of activities of daily living.

Visual short-term memory for unfamiliar visual stimuli

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sapkota ◽  
S. Pardhan ◽  
A. Tavassoli ◽  
I. Van Der Linde
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory

Effects of Training Procedures on Recall of Auditory Sequences by Children

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Patton ◽  
Virna C. Nelly
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Delay Interval ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Level Method

3 groups of preschool children were trained in short-term memory for word sequences by three different methods of stimulus presentation: (1) vocalized auditory sequences, (2) vocalized sequences with simultaneous visual stimuli, (3) vocal stimuli followed immediately by visual stimuli. Four different delay intervals between stimulus and response were utilized. The word sequences were 2, 3, and 4 words in length. The duration of the delay interval and the number of words in the sequence affected performance level. Method of training did not affect performance level but did produce significantly different gains in performance over a four-day period.

Impairment of Semantic Categorization Processes among Thought-Disordered Schizophrenic Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Mesure ◽  
Christine Passerieux ◽  
Chrystel Besehe ◽  
Daniel Widlöcher ◽  
Marie-Christine Hardy-Baylé
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Formal Thought Disorder ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Semantic Categorization ◽  
Language And Communication ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Objective: To explore semantic categorization strategies in patients with schizophrenia. Method: A short-term memory-recognition task that reveals the effects associated with categorization was created and applied to 2 groups of patients with schizophrenia and depression. Results: Only the schizophrenic subgroup with formal thought disorder (measured using Andreasen's Thought, Language, and Communication [TLC] scale) exhibited a deficiency in semantic categorization strategies during the task. Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis of the impairment of the processes involved in the processing of contextual information inpatients with schizophrenia who suffer from formal thought disorder.

Short-Term Visual Memory and Pattern Masking

1972 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Pattern Mask ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Pattern Masking ◽  
Short Term Visual Memory

The results of two experiments involving the matching of unfamiliar, nameless shapes (Gibson forms) indicated that a visual representation of a brief (30–100 ms) stimulus survives in a Short-Term Visual Memory (STVM) for 6 s or more after the onset of a pattern mask. On the basis of these results a possible alternative to Sperling's (1967) model for short-term memory for visual stimuli was presented. In this model it is assumed that recognition processes occupy several hundred milliseconds and continue after the arrival of the mask using the information available in STVM.

Semantic encoding of spoken sentences: Adult aging and the preservation of conceptual short-term memory

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEBORAH M. LITTLE ◽  
LAUREN M. McGRATH ◽  
KRISTEN J. PRENTICE ◽  
ARTHUR WINGFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Conceptual Representation ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Phonological Store ◽  
Adult Aging ◽  
Selection Of

Traditional models of human memory have postulated the need for a brief phonological or verbatim representation of verbal input as a necessary gateway to a higher level conceptual representation of the input. Potter has argued that meaningful sentences may be encoded directly in a conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) running parallel in time to such a phonological store. The primary aim of the current study was to evaluate two main tenets of the CSTM model: that linguistic context biases selection of information entering the conceptual store, and that information not integrated into a coherent structure is rapidly forgotten. Results confirmed these predictions for spoken sentences heard by both young and older adults, supporting the generality of the model and suggesting that CSTM remains stable in normal aging.

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