Impairment of Semantic Categorization Processes among Thought-Disordered Schizophrenic Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Mesure ◽  
Christine Passerieux ◽  
Chrystel Besehe ◽  
Daniel Widlöcher ◽  
Marie-Christine Hardy-Baylé
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Formal Thought Disorder ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Semantic Categorization ◽  
Language And Communication ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Objective: To explore semantic categorization strategies in patients with schizophrenia. Method: A short-term memory-recognition task that reveals the effects associated with categorization was created and applied to 2 groups of patients with schizophrenia and depression. Results: Only the schizophrenic subgroup with formal thought disorder (measured using Andreasen's Thought, Language, and Communication [TLC] scale) exhibited a deficiency in semantic categorization strategies during the task. Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis of the impairment of the processes involved in the processing of contextual information inpatients with schizophrenia who suffer from formal thought disorder.

Probed recall for serial order deficits in short-term memory in schizophrenic patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 59 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brita Elvevåg ◽  
Joscelyn E Fisher ◽  
Terry E Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Serial Order ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Short-Term Memory Recognition Search in Aphasics

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Swinney ◽  
Orlando L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Stimulus List ◽  
Serial Search ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Time Required

A nonverbal short-term memory (STM) recognition task was administered to eight matched pairs of normal and aphasic subjects. Computer-controlled apparatus presented a stimulus list of two, four, and six digits, followed by a single digit, and recorded the amount of time required for subjects to indicate whether the single digit was In or Out of the stimulus list. Response latencies were significantly slower for aphasic than for control subjects. Analysis of response latencies as a function of list length revealed that both groups displayed linear increases, suggesting a serial search process in STM. Control subjects displayed parallel increases for both In and Out functions, while aphasic subjects displayed slopes for Out functions twice the magnitude of those for In functions. This finding indicated an exhaustive search in control subjects and a self-terminating search in aphasic subjects. These qualitative and quantitative differences in STM have potential correlates with differences in language comprehension between these populations.

scholarly journals Dynamics of serial position change in probe-recognition task

Psihologija ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 261-285
Author(s):  
Mario Fific
Keyword(s):  
Serial Position ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Serial Position Effect ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Position Change ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Probe Recognition

Relationship between practice and serial position effects was investigated, in order to obtain more evidence for underlying short-term memory processes. The investigated relationship is termed the dynamics of serial position change. To address this issue, the present study investigated mean latency, errors, and performed Ex-Gaussian convolution analysis. In six-block trials the probe-recognition task was used in the so-called fast experimental procedure. The serial position effect was significant in all six blocks. Both primacy and recency effects were detected, with primacy located in the first two blocks, producing a non-linear serial position effect. Although the serial position function became linear from the third block on, the convolution analysis revealed a non-linear change of the normal distribution parameter, suggesting special status of the last two serial positions. Further, separation of convolution parameters for serial position and practice was observed, suggesting different underlying mechanisms. In order to account for these findings, a strategy shift mechanism is suggested, rather then a mechanism based on changing the manner of memory scanning. Its influence is primarily located at the very beginning of the experimental session. The pattern of results of errors regarding the dynamics of serial position change closely paralleled those on reaction times. Several models of short-term memory were evaluated in order to account for these findings.

scholarly journals Biomedical named entity recognition using deep neural networks with contextual information

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyejin Cho ◽  
Hyunju Lee
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Named Entity Recognition ◽  
Entity Recognition ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Named Entity ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

Abstract Background In biomedical text mining, named entity recognition (NER) is an important task used to extract information from biomedical articles. Previously proposed methods for NER are dictionary- or rule-based methods and machine learning approaches. However, these traditional approaches are heavily reliant on large-scale dictionaries, target-specific rules, or well-constructed corpora. These methods to NER have been superseded by the deep learning-based approach that is independent of hand-crafted features. However, although such methods of NER employ additional conditional random fields (CRF) to capture important correlations between neighboring labels, they often do not incorporate all the contextual information from text into the deep learning layers. Results We propose herein an NER system for biomedical entities by incorporating n-grams with bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) and CRF; this system is referred to as a contextual long short-term memory networks with CRF (CLSTM). We assess the CLSTM model on three corpora: the disease corpus of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), the BioCreative II Gene Mention corpus (GM), and the BioCreative V Chemical Disease Relation corpus (CDR). Our framework was compared with several deep learning approaches, such as BiLSTM, BiLSTM with CRF, GRAM-CNN, and BERT. On the NCBI corpus, our model recorded an F-score of 85.68% for the NER of diseases, showing an improvement of 1.50% over previous methods. Moreover, although BERT used transfer learning by incorporating more than 2.5 billion words, our system showed similar performance with BERT with an F-scores of 81.44% for gene NER on the GM corpus and a outperformed F-score of 86.44% for the NER of chemicals and diseases on the CDR corpus. We conclude that our method significantly improves performance on biomedical NER tasks. Conclusion The proposed approach is robust in recognizing biological entities in text.

Is Sternberg’s Memory Scanning Task Really a Short-Term Memory Task?

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Corbin ◽  
Josette Marquer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Recall Condition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Experimental Constraint

Sternberg’s paradigm is currently viewed as a typical short-term memory task and is widely used to tap mnemonic capacities in neuroscience studies. However, Sternberg’s original procedure includes an experimental constraint – recalling the sequence of digits in order – which was not reused in the following studies. In previous research ( Corbin & Marquer, 2008 , 2009 ), we showed that the recall constraint has an impact on the quantitative results as well as on the strategies implemented. These findings led us to wonder whether the presence or absence of this simple experimental constraint could also affect the processes implemented in Sternberg’s task. In order to answer this question, we analyzed the relationships between the performance levels of 50 participants on Sternberg’s task on various well-known span tasks and on a classical visual search task. The results showed that, in the recall condition, Sternberg’s paradigm appears to be a verbal working memory task, whereas in the no-recall condition, the task appears to be a recognition task that involves visuospatial memory capacities. In this latter condition, the processes implemented may be more similar to those implemented in visual search tasks.

scholarly journals An efficient sentiment analysis methodology based on long short-term memory networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Shobana ◽  
M. Murali
Keyword(s):  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Good Decision ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Current Research Interest

AbstractSentiment analysis is the process of determining the sentiment polarity (positivity, neutrality or negativity) of the text. As online markets have become more popular over the past decades, online retailers and merchants are asking their buyers to share their opinions about the products they have purchased. As a result, millions of reviews are generated daily, making it difficult to make a good decision about whether a consumer should buy a product. Analyzing these enormous concepts is difficult and time-consuming for product manufacturers. Deep learning is the current research interest in Natural language processing. In the proposed model, Skip-gram architecture is used for better feature extraction of semantic and contextual information of words. LSTM (long short-term memory) is used in the proposed model for understanding complex patterns in textual data. To improve the performance of the LSTM, weight parameters are optimized by the adaptive particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Extensive experiments were conducted on four datasets proved that our proposed APSO-LSTM model secured higher accuracy over the classical methods such as traditional LSTM, ANN, and SVM. According to simulation results, the proposed model is outperforming other existing models in different metrics.

scholarly journals Age differences in the irrelevant sound effect: A serial recognition paradigm

Psihologija ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Schwarz ◽  
Sabine Schlittmeier ◽  
Annette Otto ◽  
Malte Persike ◽  
Maria Klatte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Auditory Distraction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sound Effect ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Irrelevant Sound ◽  
State Effect ◽  
Irrelevant Sound Effect

In adults, the disrupting effect of irrelevant background sounds with distinct temporalspectral variations (changing-state sounds) on short-term memory performance was found to be robust. In the present study, a verbal serial recognition task was used to investigate this so-called Irrelevant Sound Effect (ISE) in adults and 8- to 10-year-old children. An essential part of the short-term memory impairment during changing-state speech is due to interference processes (changing-state effect) which can be differentiated from the deviation effect of auditory distraction. In line with recent findings (Hughes et al., 2013), our study demonstrates that the changing-state effect is not modulated by task difficulty. Moreover, our results show that the changing-state effect remains stable for children and adults. This suggests that the differences in the magnitude of the ISE as reported by Elliott (2002) and Klatte et al. (2010) are most likely related to the increase in attentional control during childhood.

Perception of Speech in Schizophrenia

1964 ◽  
Vol 110 (466) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Lawson ◽  
Andrew McGhie ◽  
James Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Attention And Perception ◽  
Normal Speech ◽  
Selection Of

The study reported in this paper derived from an experimental investigation of anomalies of attention and perception found in schizophrenic patients (Chapman and McGhie, 1961, 1962). The application of an experimental battery of tests to a group of schizophrenic patients had shown that the short-term memory of schizophrenics is particularly vulnerable to interference by irrelevant stimuli. These tests assessed the schizophrenic patient's capacity to perceive and recall a series of non-meaningful auditory and visual stimuli, and therefore did not deal with conditions approximating to normal speech. The clinical material gathered from young schizophrenic patients in the course of our investigations did however amply illustrate some of their difficulties in the perception of speech. Since the present study was to a large extent suggested by the reports made by these patients, it may be pertinent to present here a selection of the verbatim accounts of how they found difficulty in comprehending other people's speech. These comments are selected from tape-recorded interviews with schizophrenic patients, each account having been given by a different patient.

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