Effect of Emotional Salience on Thought Disorder in Patients with Schizophrenia

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (5) ◽  
pp. 618-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Haddock ◽  
Melanie Wolfenden ◽  
Ian Lowens ◽  
Nicholas Tarrier ◽  
Richard P. Bentall
Keyword(s):  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Personal Interview ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Emotional Salience

BackgroundThis study examined the effect of emotional salience on the severity of thought disorder in schizophrenic patients.MethodTen thought disordered and ten non-thought disordered schizophrenic patients were interviewed under two conditions: a personal interview involving material which was emotionally salient and an impersonal interview involving material which was not emotionally salient.ResultsBoth groups exhibited some thought disorder during both interviews. The thought disordered patients exhibited significantly more thought disorder during the emotionally salient interview.ConclusionsThought disorder in schizophrenic patients is affected by the emotional salience of the material being discussed. Clinical implications are discussed.

The effects of emotional salience on thought disorder in patients with bipolar affective disorder

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. TAI ◽  
G. HADDOCK ◽  
R. BENTALL
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Language And Communication ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Emotional Salience ◽  
Manic Patients

Background. This study aimed to explore the effects of emotionally salient material on thought disorder in patients with bipolar affective disorder.Method. Seventy-one participants (20 manic, 15 depressed, 16 currently well patients and 20 non-psychiatric-controls) were interviewed in two conditions: an emotionally salient interview and a non-salient interview. Speech samples were rated using the Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language and Communication.Results. Manic patients presented with significantly more thought disorder than any other group in both conditions and exhibited the greatest reaction to emotionally salient material.Conclusion. The effects of emotional salience on thought, language and communication are not unique to schizophrenic patients. The speech of manic patients is more affectively responsive than the speech of remitted, bipolar depressed and normal participants. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Subjective response to antipsychotics in schizophrenic patients: clinical implications and related factors

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Garcı́a Cabeza ◽  
M. Sanz Amador ◽  
C. Arango López ◽  
M. González de Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Overinclusive Thinking in Mania and Schizophrenia

1974 ◽  
Vol 125 (588) ◽  
pp. 452-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. C. Andreasen ◽  
Pauline S. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Beginning with the work of Cameron (1944), the concept of overinclusive thinking has been used to describe or account for the thought disorder observed in schizophrenic patients. This is usually defined as an inability to preserve conceptual boundaries, perhaps based on a cerebral input dysfunction which causes difficulty in filtering stimuli (Payne et al., 1959; McGhie, 1970; Epstein, 1953; Broadbent, 1958). This leads the schizophrenic to make remote associations and to overgeneralize or overabstract.

Thought Disorder and the Predictability of Schizophrenic Speech

1977 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Rutter ◽  
Joan Draffan ◽  
Jacqueline Davies
Keyword(s):  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

SummaryPrevious research suggests that the predictability of speech in schizophrenic patients may be related to certain measures of thought disorder. Two uninterrupted passages of 200 words were taken from 25 randomly selected schizophrenic patients recently admitted to hospital and were ‘Clozed’ by students under both fourth- and fifth-word deletion. Thought disorder was measured by the Bannister-Fransella test, and the Cloze scores were found to be related neither to Intensity nor to Consistency.

Positive and Negative Symptoms in Psychiatry

1986 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Market Research Company ◽  
Research Company ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

The terms positive and negative symptoms have slipped into the language of contemporary psychiatry with comparative ease. It is not uncommon for these expressions to be used with little explanation, both at meeting and in written communications, with the implicit understanding that their meaning is understood and that somehow they are of value to our knowledge of psychopathology. However, that there are no clear guide-lines at present for our use of these terms is shown from a recent survey of psychiatrists' opinions from a market research company (Martin Hamblin Research-Personal Communication). As part of a series of questions asked to many psychiatrists of differing age, geographical location, and status, they were asked about the meaning of these terms, positive and negative symptoms and the proportion of schizophrenic patients having them. Of the categories quoted by Crow (1980–81) as positive symptoms, 68% considered that delusions were positive symptoms, 63% hallucinations, and only 35% thought disorder. In contrast, 18% thought that behaviour disturbance was a positive symptom, a similar figure (15%) being given for passivity feelings. Considerable variation was noted, however, with hallucinations being considered positive by only 33% of London psychiatrists, thought disorder by only 11% of those qualified 16–25 years, and one-quarter of all registrars and psychiatrists from Midland Health Districts considered passivity feelings to fall into this category. Even greater disagreement was recorded for negative symptoms. Thus, the symptom most often associated with this category was apathy, by 52% of respondents. Only 26% considered that withdrawal was a negative symptom, the percentage data for lack of motivation and blunting of affect being 37% and 15% respectively.

The Effect of Distraction on Schizophrenic Performance (1) Perception and Immediate Memory

1965 ◽  
Vol 111 (474) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew McGhie ◽  
James Chapman ◽  
J. S. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Perceptual Constancy ◽  
Central Idea ◽  
Optimal Response ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Incoming Information ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
Filter Mechanism

In recent years an increasing number of workers investigating schizophrenic behaviour have concluded that many of the symptoms found in schizophrenia are related to a disturbance in the selective and inhibitory functions of attention. One of the earliest statements of this argument is found in Norman Cameron's (1938, 1939, 1944) concept of “over-inclusion”, which he used to describe the schizophrenic patient's tendency to include many elements irrelevant to the central idea in his thinking. Shakow (1962) reached the following conclusions in summarizing his own psychological studies of schizophrenia—“It is as if, in the scanning process which takes place before the response to stimulus is made, the schizophrenic is unable to select out the material relevant for optimal response. He apparently cannot free himself from the irrelevant among the numerous possibilities available for choice.” Weckowicz and Blewett (1959), in their studies of alterations in perceptual constancy in schizophrenic patients, interpreted their findings as suggesting that the patient's basic difficulty was that of “an inability to attend selectively or to select relevant information“. Venables and his colleagues (1959, 1962, 1963), in a series of studies on the arousal level of schizophrenic patients, also concluded that many of the behavioural abnormalities demonstrated were due to variations in the range of attention. In a series of investigations carried out by Payne and his colleagues (1960, 1961, 1963) to develop Cameron's concept of over-inclusive thinking in schizophrenia, the authors utilized Broad-bent's (1958) model of selective attention to postulate that this form of thought disorder is basically due “to a defect in some hypothetical central filter mechanism, the function of whichis to screen out irrelevant data both internal … and external … to allow for the most efficient processing of incoming information”.

Thought disorder, attention and working memory in untreated and treated schizophrenic patients

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. S277
Author(s):  
I. Amado-Boccara ◽  
C. Daban ◽  
M.O. Krebs ◽  
M.-C. Bourdel ◽  
J.P. Olié ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Age-related changes in formal thought disorder in chronic schizophrenic patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
J. Lombardi ◽  
P.D. Harvey ◽  
M. Leibman ◽  
M. Parrella ◽  
L. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Formal Thought Disorder ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Faulty Suppression of Irrelevant Material in Patients with Thought Disorder Linked to Attenuated Frontotemporal Activation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Arcuri ◽  
M. R. Broome ◽  
V. Giampietro ◽  
E. Amaro ◽  
T. T. J. Kircher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Formal Thought Disorder ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Semantic Decision ◽  
Semantic Decision Task ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Formal thought disorder is a feature schizophrenia that manifests as disorganized, incoherent speech, and is associated with a poor clinical outcome. The neurocognitive basis of this symptom is unclear but it is thought to involve an impairment in semantic processing classically described as a loosening of meaningful associations. Using a paradigm derived from the n400 event-related, potential, we examined the extent to which regional activation during semantic processing is altered in schizophrenic patients with formal thought disorder. Ten healthy control and 18 schizophrenic participants (9 with and 9 without formal thought disorder) performed a semantic decision sentence task during an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment. We employed analysis of variance to estimate the main effects of semantic congruency and groups on activation and specific effects of formal thought disorder were addressed using post-hoc comparisons. We found that the frontotemporal network, normally engaged by a semantic decision task, was underactivated in schizophrenia, particularly in patients with FTD. This network is implicated in the inhibition of automatically primed stimuli and impairment of its function interferes with language processing and contributes to the production of incoherent speech.

Tardive Dyskinesia and Type II Schizophrenia

1992 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. B. Davis ◽  
Milind Borde ◽  
L. N. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Formal Thought Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Male Patients

Cognitive impairment, negative and positive symptoms, primitive release reflexes, and age/temporal disorientation were assessed in 20 male patients meeting the DSM–III–R criteria for chronic schizophrenia and Schooler & Kane's criteria for TD. The control group comprised 20 age-matched male chronic schizophrenic patients without TD. Significant associations were found between TD, cognitive impairment, some negative symptoms, and formal thought disorder. These associations were independent of other illness and treatment variables. The severity of TD correlated significantly with that of cognitive impairment.

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