Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Bleich ◽  
Meni Koslowsky ◽  
Aliza Dolev ◽  
Bernard Lerer
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
War Trauma ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundWe examined psychiatric morbidity following war-related psychic trauma, with a special focus on the depressive comorbidity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodSubjects consisted of 60 Israeli veterans who sought psychiatric treatment 4–6 years after having been exposed to war trauma. PTSD and psychiatric comorbidity were diagnosed using the Structured Interview for PTSD and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia.ResultsBoth lifetime (100%) and current (87%) PTSD were the most prevalent disorders. Comorbidity was extensive, with major depressive disorder (MDD) most prevalent (95% lifetime, 50% current), followed by anxiety disorders, minor affective disorders, and alcoholism or drug misuse.ConclusionsWithin post-traumatic psychiatric morbidity of combat origin, PTSD and MDD are the most prevalent disorders. In addition it appears that PTSD, although related to post-traumatic MDD beyond a mere sharing of common symptoms, is of the same time differentiated from it as an independent diagnostic category.

scholarly journals Resilience in the aftermath of war trauma: a critical review and commentary

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 20140008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett T. Litz
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
War Trauma ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
Military Trauma ◽  
The Face ◽  
Post Traumatic

The resilience construct has received a great deal of attention as a result of the long wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The discourse about resilience, especially the promise of promoting it and mitigating risk for serious post-traumatic negative outcomes among service members and veterans, is hopeful and encouraging. Remarkably, most service members exposed to horrific war trauma are not incapacitated by the experience. Yet, resilience is elusive and fleeting for many veterans of war. In this paper, I address some of the complexities about resilience in the context of exposure to war stressors and I offer some assumptions and heuristics that stem from my involvement in the dialogue about resilience and from experiences helping prevent post-traumatic stress disorder among active-duty service members with military trauma. My goal is to use my observations and applied experiences as an instructive context to raise critical questions for the field about resilience in the face of traumatic life-events.

A Pilot Study of Phenelzine in the Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

1987 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Davidson ◽  
J. Ingram Walker ◽  
Clinton Kilts
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Combat Experience ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Post Traumatic Disorder

In recent years, there has been renewed appreciation of the morbidity which can result from unusual or overwhelming stress and while many situations can give rise to post-traumatic disorder, the most frequently studied of these is probably military combat. Psychiatric disorder pursuant to combat experience can not only become chronic, but may intensify with advancing age, decades after the original trauma (Archibald & Tuddenbaum, 1965; Wilmer, 1982). Moreover, a high percentage of combat veterans are believed ultimately to develop chronic psychiatric morbidity (Walker & Cavenar, 1982). The drug treatment of such post-traumatic states remains an important question, largely over looked until the last 2 years but recent case reports suggest that doxepin and imipramine (White, 1983; Burstein, 1984) are beneficial in treating post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which may be either combat or non-combat related. Hogben & Cornfield (1981) described five veterans whose PTSD improved when treated with phenelzine, while Van der Kolk (1983) has described beneficial results with antidepressants, lithium, benzodiazepines, beta blockers, and neuroleptics in uncontrolled studies of PTSD.

scholarly journals Stigma, displacement stressors and psychiatric morbidity among displaced Syrian men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women: a cross-sectional study in Lebanon

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e046996
Author(s):  
Kirsty Clark ◽  
John Pachankis ◽  
Kaveh Khoshnood ◽  
Richard Bränström ◽  
David Seal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Sex With Men

BackgroundDisplaced Syrians face psychiatric morbidity often resulting from displacement-related stressors (eg, resource scarcity). Both men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women among the displaced Syrians are particularly vulnerable to mental health challenges given that they also often face stigma-related stressors (eg, discrimination).MethodsBetween January and December 2019 in greater Beirut, 258 Lebanese-born MSM and transgender women and 230 displaced Syrian MSM and transgender women were recruited via respondent-driven sampling to complete an in-person survey assessing displacement-related stressors, stigma-related stressors, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. In the total sample, we first documented the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among the displaced Syrians; we then assessed associations among displacement-related and stigma-related stressors and each psychiatric outcome.ResultsSixty-three per cent of Syrian participants met criteria for depression compared with 43.8% of Lebanese participants (p<0.001); 21.3% of Syrians met criteria for severe anxiety compared with 13.1% of Lebanese participants (p<0.05) and 33.0% of Syrians met criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder compared with 18.4% of Lebanese participants (p<0.001). Among Syrian MSM and transgender women, sociodemographic characteristics, displacement-related stressors and stigma-related stressors were uniquely associated with psychiatric morbidity.ConclusionDisplaced Syrian MSM and transgender women experience higher levels of psychiatric comorbidities than Lebanese MSM and transgender women in part due to compounding exposure to displacement-related stressors and stigma-related stressors. Informed by tenets of minority stress theory and intersectionality theory, we discuss mental health intervention implications and future directions.

scholarly journals Predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder following physical trauma: an examination of the stressor criterion

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Feinstein ◽  
Ray Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

SYNOPSISA prospective study documenting psychopathology was undertaken in 48 subjects exposed to a range of physical trauma, but whose injuries were of similar severity. No support was found for the DSM-III-R view correlating the severity of the stressor with the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Distress post injury (high scores on the impact of event scale), indicative of difficulty with cognitive assimilation of the traumatic event, was found to be highly predictive of psychiatric morbidity and PTSD at 6 months.

Psychiatric Morbidity in Survivors of Organised State Violence Including Torture

1993 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind Ramsay ◽  
Caroline Gorst-Unsworth ◽  
Stuart Turner
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Survivors Of Torture

The case notes documenting the psychological well-being of 100 survivors of torture and other forms of organised state violence were analysed retrospectively. The most common diagnoses were post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depression, and somatoform disorders. Of these, PTSD showed the strongest association with experience of torture. It is possible that PTSD has a dimensional nature, and that reactions to different stressors are heterogeneous.

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