A Hypothesis of the Mechanism of the Functional Psychoses

1927 ◽  
Vol 73 (302) ◽  
pp. 402-413
Author(s):  
L. C. F. Chevens
Keyword(s):  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Functional Psychoses ◽  
Brain Changes

In the organic and toxic psychoses in which a symptom syndrome is known to be associated with gross brain changes or a definite toxin, it is hard enough to correlate the physical and mental. As McCurdy writes (i): “To find what cell change corresponds to the delusion of having a ship full of rubies is much more of a task than that of looking for a needle in a haystack.” In the case of the so-called functional psychoses—schizophrenia, the manic-depressive psychosis and paranoia—this difficulty is enhanced. It is only possible to treat the matter in the broadest manner, by considering the reaction between the organism and the environment.

Psychiatric Out-patients in a Geographically Delimited Area

1978 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Kastrup
Keyword(s):  
Age Group ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Functional Psychoses

SummaryA three-month long study was undertaken of the utilization of the local psychiatric out-patient clinic by the geographically delimited population of Århus, Denmark.Of the 307 males and 580 females contacting the clinics, 107 males and 148 females were new referrals, corresponding to 1·25 males and 1·48 females per 1,000 inhabitants 15 years or more, respectively. The ratio of treated females to males increased from 0·87 in the 15–24–year age group to 2·22 for patients 55 years or above.Manic-depressive psychosis accounted for 43 per cent, followed by schizophrenia and other functional psychoses in males, and neuroses and other functional psychoses in females. The clinics collaborated closely with the in-patient facilities. Thus about 75 per cent were referrals from the in-patient clinics and 70 per cent of the discharged out-patients admitted.

The Classification of the Functional Psychoses

1973 ◽  
Vol 122 (570) ◽  
pp. 517-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Ollerenshaw
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Functional Psychoses

Ever since Kraepelin introduced his schizophrenic-manic-depressive dichotomy in 1896, this classification of the functional psychoses has enjoyed virtually unanimous acceptance. However, the frequency with which the differentiation of schizophrenia from manic-depressive psychosis seems to present problems in clinical practice inclines one to question whether Kraepelin's classification was entirely adequate. The object of this paper will be to try and highlight some of the reasons for the existing confusion and tentatively to suggest possible means of clarifying the situation.

Institutionalisation and the Outcome of Functional Psychoses

1985 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve C. Johnstone ◽  
D. G. C. Owens ◽  
C. D. Frith ◽  
Louie M. Calvert
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Functional Psychoses ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

SummaryThe outcome in patients receiving long-term in-patient care for manic-depressive psychosis was compared with that in long-stay schizophrenic in-patients and discharged schizophrenic patients. The manic-depressive and schizophrenic in-patients differed in terms of positive and negative features and in the pattern of behaviour, but were equally cognitively impaired. The pattern of behaviour in both schizophrenic groups was the same. The results offer some support for the use of outcome as a validating criterion for the diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Manic-Depressive Psychosis: An Alternative Conceptual Model

1968 ◽  
Vol 114 (517) ◽  
pp. 1523-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Court
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive

The traditional concept of manic-depressive psychosis has been either a bi-polar or a circular one, used interchangeably. The psychoanalytic school has invoked the polarity of much of human behaviour as an appropriate analogy. For example “The tragedy is succeeded by the satyr play: after the serious worship of God comes the merry fair… On the same basis the same sequence is represented by the cycle of guilt feelings and unscrupulousness, later by the sequence of guilt feelings and forgiveness…. The manic-depressive cycle is a cycle between periods of increased and decreased guilt feelings: … this cycle, in the last analysis, goes back to the biological cycle of hunger and satiety in the infant” (Fenichel, 1946, p. 409).

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