Economic Impacts of the ShakeOut Scenario

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Rose ◽  
Dan Wei ◽  
Anne Wein
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Earthquake Scenario ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Economic Recessions ◽  
Service Disruption ◽  
Southern California Region ◽  
Business Interruption

For the ShakeOut Earthquake Scenario, we estimate $68 billion in direct and indirect business interruption (BI) and $11 billion in related costs in addition to the $113 billion in property damage in an eight-county Southern California region. The modeled conduits of shock to the economy are property damage and lifeline service outages that affect the economy's ability to produce. Property damage from fire is 50% greater than property damage from shaking because fire is more devastating. BI from water service disruption and fire each represent around one-third of total BI losses because of the long duration of service outage or long restoration and reconstruction periods. Total BI losses are 4.3% of annual gross output in the affected region, an impact far larger than most conventional economic recessions. These losses are still much lower than they potentially could be due to the resilience of the economy.

Local Richter magnitude and total signal duration in southern California

1973 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1809-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Real ◽  
Ta-Liang Teng
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Epicentral Distance ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Signal Duration ◽  
Local Magnitude ◽  
Total Signal ◽  
Source Effects ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Seismic Networks ◽  
Southern California Region

abstract Seismograms of 320 earthquakes (1,486 observations) from short-period seismometers occurring from January 1969 to April 1971 and 91 earthquakes (257 observations) during 1971 have been used to establish a relationship between total signal duration and the local Richter magnitude for the CIT and BHSN telemetered seismic networks in southern California. The data have been fitted using regression analysis to relationships of the form M τ = C 0 + C 1 log ⁡ τ + C 2 Δ M τ ≦ 3.8 M τ = C 0 + C 1 ( log ⁡ τ ) 2 + C 2 Δ M τ > 3.8 where τ is the total duration in seconds and Δ is the epicentral distance in kilometers. These relations explain up to 88 per cent (CIT) and 94 per cent (BHSN) of the variation in the data and yield magnitudes having standard deviations as low as 0.15 (CIT) and 0.14 (BHSN) magnitude units. It has been found that the local magnitude based on signal duration is relatively insensitive to variations in azimuth and source effects. In view of the limited distribution and low magnifiation of the Wood-Anderson torsion seismometer, and the previously recognized problems of “saturation” and instrument response associated with the amplitude technique, it is concluded that the method of duration applied to vertical short-period seismograph records will greatly improve the assignment of local magnitude to earthquakes in the southern California region.

City of Angels or Edge City?

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Elizabeth Hough ◽  
Roger G. Bilham
Keyword(s):  
Fast Moving ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Loma Prieta Earthquake ◽  
Edge City ◽  
Societal Response ◽  
Pile Up ◽  
Be Star ◽  
Turned Parts

Although this book focuses on societal response to earthquake disasters, many common threads can be found in societal response to other types of disasters. Some regions seem especially prone to disasters of all shapes and sizes, perhaps none more so than southern California, which can be star-studded and star-crossed in equal measure. This chapter steps away from the specific responses of societies to one type of disaster to instead consider the response of one society to myriad disasters. In southern California, disasters sometimes seem to pile up like, well, cars on a southern California freeway. During one memorably miserable week in October 2003, for example, firestorms laid waste to almost 700,000 acres in the region—2,000 homes, 24 lives, and a staggering $2 billion in property damage. It was a little like an earthquake in slow motion. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake had claimed about three times more lives (63) and total property damage ($6 billion), but the number of homes rendered uninhabitable by that powerful temblor was lower (1,450) than the number destroyed by the firestorms of 2003. That the disaster played out slowly, over the span of several days rather than several tens of seconds, was a curse as well as a blessing. Advance warning kept the death toll from climbing higher; it also generated high anxiety among tens of thousands who would not lose their homes as well as the few thousand who would. Fires are less kind than earthquakes in another critical respect as well: they can reduce an entire house and its contents to ash, whereas much can often be salvaged from even a severely earthquake-ravaged home. Fires can even have their own aftershocks, after a fashion: heavy Christmas Day rains turned parts of two burn areas into torrents of fast-moving debris that swept through two campgrounds and claimed 16 lives, most of them children. Even heavier rains in early 2005 caused a more massive landslide in the coastal community of La Conchita.

Estimating the potential economic impacts of climate change on Southern California beaches

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (S1) ◽  
pp. 277-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linwood Pendleton ◽  
Philip King ◽  
Craig Mohn ◽  
D. G. Webster ◽  
Ryan Vaughn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Direct and Indirect Economic Losses from Earthquake Damage

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Brookshire ◽  
Stephanie E. Chang ◽  
Hal Cochrane ◽  
Robert A. Olson ◽  
Adam Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ripple Effects ◽  
Scenario Earthquakes ◽  
Earthquake Loss ◽  
Actual Damage ◽  
Business Interruption

Earthquakes generate a variety of economic impacts. To obtain a consistent measure, the actual damage state must be linked to the dollar losses of the capital stock, and then translated into direct business interruption losses and the ensuing ripple effects that occur throughout the economy. The Earthquake Loss Estimation Methodology (HAZUS) facilitates a consistent set of loss estimations. The direct loss module of HAZUS calculates loss estimates for repair and replacement of building stock (structural and nonstructural), building contents and inventory, and business interruption losses. The direct losses information provides the inputs to the indirect loss module. The indirect loss module estimates the impacts by economic sectors over time and accounts for both earthquake-induced supply shortages and demand reductions. The results of a case study are presented that focus on the economic impacts of various scenario earthquakes that might occur in the Boston metropolitan area.

An Initial Framework for Implementation of Industry 4.0 in the High Technological Manufacturing Sector in Southern California

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagil James ◽  
Anupam Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
Southern California Region ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Initial Framework

Abstract The fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0 is a new paradigm that is significantly influencing several manufacturing industries across the globe. Industry 4.0 synchronizes concepts such as Smart Manufacturing, Smart Factory, and the Internet of Things with existing factory automation technologies in order to improve value in manufacturing by monitoring key performance indicators and creates value in all manufacturing related aspects. Currently, several industries have started early initiatives of implementing these technologies. As the industries are evaluating their readiness for implementing the Industry 4.0 concepts, there are several challenges which need to be addressed including high initial investment, lack of standardization, data security and lack of skilled labor. A strategic roadmap towards implementing the Industry 4.0 paradigms is still unclear in the industry as well as in academia. This research develops an initial framework for the effective implementation of Industry 4.0 in the high technology manufacturing sectors in the Southern California region. The results of this study are expected to provide a platform to expand the opportunities of Industry 4.0 further and facilitate worldwide adoption.

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