Anatomy of the Human Nasal Passages

2003 ◽  
pp. 73-101
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Passages

scholarly journals THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PNEUMOCOCCUS INFECTION

1931 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie T. Webster ◽  
Thomas P. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Type Transformation ◽  
Wide Ph Range ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Nasal Passages ◽  
Ph Range

1. Pneumococci were obtained at one time or another from the nasal passages or throats of 80 per cent of 105 adults and children studied. In adults, they were obtained more frequently from the throat; in children, as often from the nasal passages as from the throat. 2. Of 500 pneumococcus strains studied, 97 per cent proved to be serologically specific. They formed smooth colonies and were for the most part avirulent for mice. Types I and II were obtained from one and two individuals respectively on one occasion only. Type III was obtained from nine individuals; Type XIII from nine individuals; Type XVI and Type XVIII from three individuals, for varying periods in each case. Atypical pneumococci were secured from 13 persons on single and scattered occasions. They varied in colony morphology, did not kill mice, or agglutinate in saline, but flocculated in all types of antipneumococcus sera employed and over a wide pH range in acid buffers. Their occurrence was apparently not associated with any type-transformation or virulence-enhancement process in vivo. 3. Strains of pneumococcus obtained on successive cultures from a given carrier were, with rare exceptions, of the same serological type and were similar in colony morphology, virulence for mice, and other tested biological characteristics. 4. Pneumococci of Types I and II were obtained under conditions suggestive that they lacked a capacity to spread readily; pneumococci of Types III and XIII, on the other hand, were obtained under conditions suggestive that they were spreading from person to person. 5. The persons studied differed consistently with respect to the occurrence of pneumococci. Some were pneumococcus-free, some were transient carriers, some periodic, and some chronic carriers. Data are given which suggest that the differences were due to variations in host resistance. 6. The incidence of pneumococci in all individuals studied underwent a seasonal variation paralleling that of coryza and sore throats in the same persons.

scholarly journals Some Observations on Diphtheria Carriers

1928 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. McCartney ◽  
William C. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Patient Group ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Negative Culture ◽  
Nasal Passages ◽  
Nose And Throat ◽  
Group 1

The results of the clinical examination of 288 diphtheria carriers, 300 diphtheria patients, and 100 diphtheria convalescents ready for discharge are given. It is shown that the proportion of abnormal conditions in the nose and throat of the carriers (94·1 per cent.) is higher than in the diphtheria patient group (73 per cent.), and considerably higher than in the recovered convalescent cases (52 per cent.). This is particularly noticeable when the proportion of cases with nasal abnormalities is considered in the three groups, namely, in carriers 72·2 per cent.; in diphtheria patients 42·6 per cent.; while in negative convalescent cases the figure is only 7 per cent. Further, the departures from normal in the recovered convalescents are generally enlarged but healthy looking tonsils which do not appear to interfere with the natural elimination of diphtheria bacilli during convalescence. The greatest proportion of carriers is in the age group 1 to 5 years, and owing to the small size and anatomical complexities of the nasal passages, the pathological conditions tend to persist and make examination and treatment difficult. The figures indicate that the presence of pathological conditions in the nose and throat of diphtheria patients is conducive to the establishment of the carrier state. It has been shown during the investigation that the presence of diphtheria bacilli in carriers is intermittent, and that there may be failure to isolate the organisms over long periods of time although the patient may still be infective. It is emphasized that even three negative culture results are not sufficient to establish that a carrier is completely free from infection.

scholarly journals THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF A RABBIT RESPIRATORY INFECTION

1924 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie T. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Rockefeller Institute ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Nasal Passages

The onset of spontaneous snuffles in rabbits at The Rockefeller Institute is preceded by the appearance in the nasal passages of Bacterium lepisepticum. The active stages of snuffles infection are associated with the presence in these passages of large numbers of this bacterium. Spontaneous recovery from snuffles is associated with a diminution in number or a disappearance of these bacteria from the nasal passages. Various experimental procedures reduce the resistance of rabbits to spontaneous snuffles.

Lateral Rhinotomy: A Neglected Operation

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 756-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. N. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Rhinotomy ◽  
Personal Account ◽  
Nasal Passages

The operation of lateral rhinotomy does not perhaps receive as much attention as it might, despite the excellent exposure of the nasal passages and surrounding anatomy that can be obtained. A personal account of 100 consecutive operations for varying pathology is described in the hope that more surgeons may be aware of the value of this procedure.

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