Actions to Prevent Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy from Entering the United States

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burt Pritchett ◽  
Linda Detwiler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy

scholarly journals EKSPOR DAGING SAPI KANADA PASCA KEBIJAKAN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN LABELLING (COOL) AMERIKA SERIKAT TAHUN 2009-2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harun Umar ◽  
Saphira Evani
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Country Of Origin Labeling ◽  
The Stability

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The presence of foreign policy has a big impacts on the implementation of the state life of every international actor, especially for the super power countries such as the United States. These conditions make the United States have control over other countries by taking actions that only benefit one side, such as protection. The Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) policy is a form of protection carried out by the United States with the aim of limiting the amount of beef imported from Canada to enter the United States market because it has been contaminated with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or mad cow diseases which is very dangerous for human health</em><em>. The implementation of the COOL succeeded in making Canadian beef exports decrease and causing a deficit in the country’s trade balance</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>Therefore, Canada must have an efforts to maintain the stability of its beef exports so that it can benefit the Canadian economy and achieve the national interest of the country.</em></p><p><em>Keywords : Country of Origin Labelling, Beef Export, Canada, National Interest</em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Kehadiran kebijakan luar negeri memiliki pengaruh yang besar bagi pelaksanaan kehidupan bernegara setiap aktor internasional, terutama bagi negara <em>super power</em> seperti Amerika Serikat. Kondisi tersebut membuat Amerika Serikat memiliki kontrol terhadap negara lainnya dengan melakukan tindakan yang hanya menguntungkan sebelah pihak saja, seperti melakukan proteksi. Kebijakan <em>Country of Origin Labelling</em> (COOL) merupakan salah satu bentuk proteksi yang dilakukan oleh Amerika Serikat dengan tujuan untuk membatasi jumlah daging sapi impor dari Kanada yang masuk ke pasar Amerika Serikat karena telah terkontaminasi oleh penyakit <em>Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy </em>(BSE) atau sapi gila yang sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia<em>.</em> Implementasi kebijakan COOL tersebut berhasil membuat jumlah ekspor daging sapi Kanada menurun sehingga menyebabkan defisit pada neraca perdagangan negaranya<em>.</em> Oleh karena itu, Kanada harus memilki upaya untuk menjaga stabilitas ekspor daging sapinya sehingga dapat memberikan keuntungan bagi perekonomian Kanada serta tercapainya kepentingan nasional negara.</p><p>Kata Kunci : <em>Country of Origin Labelling</em>, Ekspor Daging Sapi, Kanada, Kepentingan</p><p>         Nasional</p>

A Comparison of the Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Infectivity in Beef from Cattle Younger than 21 Months in Japan with That in Beef from the United States as Assessed by the Carcass Maturity Score

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATSUAKI SUGIURA ◽  
GARY C. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Slaughter Cattle ◽  
Maturity Score ◽  
First Case ◽  
Increased Risk

After the detection of the first case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the United States in December 2003, the Japanese government halted all imports of U.S. beef. The BSE risk in beef is partly dependent on the slaughter age of the cattle from which it is derived. In Japan, all cattle 21 months old and older are screened using a rapid diagnostic test, while in the United States, routine BSE testing is not done at any age of slaughter cattle. In the United States, there is no nationally mandated cattle identification system that enables cattle younger than 21 months to be identified. Therefore, all beef potentially produced for export to Japan must be from cattle that are age verified as younger than 21 months old or be classified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture using a carcass maturity score, which in turn is related to the age of the animal from which the beef is derived. After consulting the Food Safety Commission, the Japanese government decided on 12 December 2005 to allow importation of beef from the United States derived from cattle with a carcass maturity score of ≤A40 and from which specified risk materials are removed. In this study, a stochastic model was used to simulate the interval of time from slaughter to the predicted clinical onset of BSE in an infected animal. A simulation result, based on the assumption that the BSE prevalence is equivalent in the two countries, revealed that there was no increased risk of BSE infectivity in beef coming from carcasses with a maturity score of ≤A40 in the United States, compared with beef from cattle younger than 21 months slaughtered in Japan.

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