scholarly journals EKSPOR DAGING SAPI KANADA PASCA KEBIJAKAN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN LABELLING (COOL) AMERIKA SERIKAT TAHUN 2009-2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harun Umar ◽  
Saphira Evani
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Country Of Origin Labeling ◽  
The Stability

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The presence of foreign policy has a big impacts on the implementation of the state life of every international actor, especially for the super power countries such as the United States. These conditions make the United States have control over other countries by taking actions that only benefit one side, such as protection. The Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) policy is a form of protection carried out by the United States with the aim of limiting the amount of beef imported from Canada to enter the United States market because it has been contaminated with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or mad cow diseases which is very dangerous for human health</em><em>. The implementation of the COOL succeeded in making Canadian beef exports decrease and causing a deficit in the country’s trade balance</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>Therefore, Canada must have an efforts to maintain the stability of its beef exports so that it can benefit the Canadian economy and achieve the national interest of the country.</em></p><p><em>Keywords : Country of Origin Labelling, Beef Export, Canada, National Interest</em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Kehadiran kebijakan luar negeri memiliki pengaruh yang besar bagi pelaksanaan kehidupan bernegara setiap aktor internasional, terutama bagi negara <em>super power</em> seperti Amerika Serikat. Kondisi tersebut membuat Amerika Serikat memiliki kontrol terhadap negara lainnya dengan melakukan tindakan yang hanya menguntungkan sebelah pihak saja, seperti melakukan proteksi. Kebijakan <em>Country of Origin Labelling</em> (COOL) merupakan salah satu bentuk proteksi yang dilakukan oleh Amerika Serikat dengan tujuan untuk membatasi jumlah daging sapi impor dari Kanada yang masuk ke pasar Amerika Serikat karena telah terkontaminasi oleh penyakit <em>Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy </em>(BSE) atau sapi gila yang sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia<em>.</em> Implementasi kebijakan COOL tersebut berhasil membuat jumlah ekspor daging sapi Kanada menurun sehingga menyebabkan defisit pada neraca perdagangan negaranya<em>.</em> Oleh karena itu, Kanada harus memilki upaya untuk menjaga stabilitas ekspor daging sapinya sehingga dapat memberikan keuntungan bagi perekonomian Kanada serta tercapainya kepentingan nasional negara.</p><p>Kata Kunci : <em>Country of Origin Labelling</em>, Ekspor Daging Sapi, Kanada, Kepentingan</p><p>         Nasional</p>

scholarly journals Simulating a Foreign Policy Dilemma: Considering US Humanitarian Intervention

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 682-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Switky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Latin American Country ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
To Come ◽  
Key Questions

ABSTRACTThe humanitarian impulse in the United States routinely clashes with isolationist sentiment, with appeals to the national interest, and with apathy in and out of government. This class exercise encourages students to explore the contours of the debate over humanitarian intervention with a crisis unfolding in Belagua, a fictitious Latin American country. As the crisis deteriorates, students increasingly feel the tension between wanting to help the at-risk civilian population and avoiding a messy conflict from which the United States could have trouble extracting itself. The project requires students to address key questions about the US role in the Belagua case and to consider what the United States could or should have done in actual situations, such as Rwanda and Syria. Because these crises are likely to occur in the decades to come, this exercise initiates students to the challenges that the United States, as well as the international community, undoubtedly will face.

National Security Policy-Making and Cacophony of Voices in the Reagan Administration

1982 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-146
Author(s):  
P.M. Kamath
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
Reagan Administration ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
National Security Policy

In the post-World War II period “national security” has become the most important concept commanding respect among policy-makers and demanding crippling-silence on the part of the national community. It is not necessary here to examine the reasons1, for this commandeering position given to the concept of national security, but in an objective sense, foreign affairs of any nation in the ultimate analysis is conducted to secure national security. In this sense national security essentially denotes a nation's determination to preserve at any cost some of its interests. Foremost are : territorial integrity, political independence and fundamental governmental institutions.2 In the contemporary world it is also a well established fact that the military, diplomatic and economic aspects of a nation's foreign affairs are inseperably interlinked with one another. While foreign policy aims at serving national interest through peaceful diplomatic means, military policy aims at preparedness to protect national interest in case foreign policy fails. The foreign policy of a nation has also to take into consideration economic states involved in a particular policy consideration. This is particularly true for a super power like the United States. Hence, in a sense, it is appropriate to term the combination of foreign and military policies of a nation as national security policy. Who makes national security policy in the United States? What are the special features of national security policy-making process? It is proposed to answer these questions in this paper with special reference to the Reagan Administration.

scholarly journals Crossing Borders: The Case Of Mexican Tomatoes

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Nita Paden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Third ◽  
Country Of Origin Labeling ◽  
Product Strategies ◽  
The U.S

The case involves distributors who import Mexican produce into the United States. To-Mex faces several problems. First, U.S. homeland security is at an all time high and is likely to continue growing tighter. The potential for delays at customs is significant. Second, Mexican produce has image issues in the U.S. market. Some American consumers have the perception that Mexican produce may not be safe to eat. Changing those perceptions is critical. The third issue relates to product strategies, including a possible move from predominantly field grown tomatoes to greenhouse operations, possible development of consumer brands for produce, and the potential effects of country of origin labeling on consumer produce preferences.

The Chilean Catalyst

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-61
Author(s):  
Vanessa Walker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Cold War ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
South American ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Policy Mechanisms

This chapter traces the rise of the Movement — an influential coalition of left-liberal human rights actors targeting U.S. policy in Latin America — in response to the 1973 Chilean coup. It reveals the centrality of Latin America in 1970s human rights activism and formulation of human rights foreign policy mechanisms, including foreign aid legislation and bureaucratic structures in the State Department. Unlike human rights violations in the Soviet sphere, U.S. advocates viewed human rights abuses in Chile as a product of U.S. political dysfunction resulting from Cold War paradigms of national interest and excessive concentration of power in the presidency. Coming in the wake of the Watergate scandal and the failures of Vietnam, U.S. complicity in the Chilean coup and the subsequent repression underscored the antidemocratic nature of Cold War foreign policy, highlighting the connections between foreign human rights abuses and U.S. policies. Using the information generated by South American advocates, newly organized and vocal human rights groups in the United States and their congressional partners advanced a slate of legislative initiatives targeted at the nexus of foreign repression and U.S. policy, challenging the logic and substance of Cold War alliances.

Japan and the Middle East: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-198
Author(s):  
Srabani Roy Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Community ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
Conflict Situations

As an introduction to this special issue, this article examines the shaping of Japan’s foreign policy; looking at how Japan has risen to the demand of the international community to assume more responsibility in conflict situations, circumventing a pacifist constitution that it had been dealt with. It then explains relations between Middle East and Japan and shows how the latter has been balancing its national interest in order to conform to its alliance with the United States. With more Asian powers having stake in the Middle East, Japan has become proactive about its role in the region. However, with limited hard power options, Japan would have to concentrate on its soft power capabilities and on using its economic strength to mark its presence in the Middle East.

National Interests and Grand Strategy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek S. Reveron ◽  
Nikolas K. Gvosdev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
Political System ◽  
International System ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Starting Point

It is axiomatic that the foreign policy decisions of any country, including those of the United States, should be derived and based upon an understanding of the “national interest.” Yet there is no single, overarching conception of what constitutes the national interest or what should be considered as national interests. We see the idea of the national interest as an important starting point—a concept that enables national security policymakers to articulate what matters to the country and how a nation should set its priorities. National interests are enduring, such as protecting the integrity of the state and promoting economic prosperity. The domestic political system, international system, and organizational interests within the national security bureaucracy also shape national interests.

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