scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of two Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy cases Diagnosed in the United States

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen A. Richt ◽  
Robert A. Kunkle ◽  
David Alt ◽  
Eric M. Nicholson ◽  
Amir N. Hamir ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harun Umar ◽  
Saphira Evani

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The presence of foreign policy has a big impacts on the implementation of the state life of every international actor, especially for the super power countries such as the United States. These conditions make the United States have control over other countries by taking actions that only benefit one side, such as protection. The Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) policy is a form of protection carried out by the United States with the aim of limiting the amount of beef imported from Canada to enter the United States market because it has been contaminated with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or mad cow diseases which is very dangerous for human health</em><em>. The implementation of the COOL succeeded in making Canadian beef exports decrease and causing a deficit in the country’s trade balance</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>Therefore, Canada must have an efforts to maintain the stability of its beef exports so that it can benefit the Canadian economy and achieve the national interest of the country.</em></p><p><em>Keywords : Country of Origin Labelling, Beef Export, Canada, National Interest</em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Kehadiran kebijakan luar negeri memiliki pengaruh yang besar bagi pelaksanaan kehidupan bernegara setiap aktor internasional, terutama bagi negara <em>super power</em> seperti Amerika Serikat. Kondisi tersebut membuat Amerika Serikat memiliki kontrol terhadap negara lainnya dengan melakukan tindakan yang hanya menguntungkan sebelah pihak saja, seperti melakukan proteksi. Kebijakan <em>Country of Origin Labelling</em> (COOL) merupakan salah satu bentuk proteksi yang dilakukan oleh Amerika Serikat dengan tujuan untuk membatasi jumlah daging sapi impor dari Kanada yang masuk ke pasar Amerika Serikat karena telah terkontaminasi oleh penyakit <em>Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy </em>(BSE) atau sapi gila yang sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia<em>.</em> Implementasi kebijakan COOL tersebut berhasil membuat jumlah ekspor daging sapi Kanada menurun sehingga menyebabkan defisit pada neraca perdagangan negaranya<em>.</em> Oleh karena itu, Kanada harus memilki upaya untuk menjaga stabilitas ekspor daging sapinya sehingga dapat memberikan keuntungan bagi perekonomian Kanada serta tercapainya kepentingan nasional negara.</p><p>Kata Kunci : <em>Country of Origin Labelling</em>, Ekspor Daging Sapi, Kanada, Kepentingan</p><p>         Nasional</p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. e00653-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Campbell ◽  
K. Tagg ◽  
A. Bicknese ◽  
A. McCullough ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) causes an estimated 1.2 million illnesses, 23,000 hospitalizations, and 450 deaths each year in the United States. Decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (DSC) has historically been associated with chromosomal mutations of the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR), but plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes are increasing. To investigate DSC among Salmonella enterica serotype Newport strains, we examined 40 isolates from 1996 to 2016 with DSC. Thirty isolates (71%) contained the PMQR gene qnrB and eight isolates (19%) contained a QRDR.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e97517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srivishnupriya Anbalagan ◽  
Richard A. Hesse ◽  
Ben M. Hause

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 417-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davina Campbell ◽  
Anna Bowen ◽  
Amelia Bhatnagar ◽  
Andre McCullough ◽  
Julian Grass ◽  
...  

Transfusion ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Sullivan ◽  
EA Guido ◽  
RP Metler ◽  
CA Schable ◽  
AE Williams ◽  
...  

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