Selection for Seed Dormancy by using Germination Tests

2019 ◽  
pp. 400-407
Author(s):  
S. Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Selection For

Evaluation and selection of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for preharvest sprouting tolerance

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Trethowan
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
First Year ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Visual Measurements ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Rain Simulator

This paper examines the success of selection for preharvest sprouting tolerance in white-grained bread wheat using a standard wetting treatment, germination of hand-threshed seed and falling number measurements. The rain simulator was usefull in shifting the population mean of field grown material towards higher levels of tolerance in successive years; however, large genotype x year interactions in material sown under rain protection did not allow accurate assessment of individual genotypes. The most accurate assessments were achieved using falling number measurements (h2 = 80.7%) and hand-threshed seed germinations (h2 = 38.4%), where no genotype x year interactions were recorded. Seed dormancy (determined from hand threshed grain) correlated significantly with change in falling number following 3 days' treatment in the rain simulator ( r = -0-56**). Visual measurements scored in the rain simulator, however, did not correlate significantly with seed dormancy in the first year (r = 0.20) but correlated strongly in the second (r = 0.73***). In comparisons of the same test between years, falling number (without rain treatment) and seed dormancy were significantly correlated (r = 0.68* and 0.90***, respectively), whilst visual scores of sprouting showed no association (r = -0.03).

Secondary dormancy inBrassica napusis correlated with enhancedBnaDOG1transcript levels

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Née ◽  
Evelyn Obeng-Hinneh ◽  
Pourya Sarvari ◽  
Kazumi Nakabayashi ◽  
Wim J.J. Soppe
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
High Homology ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Secondary Dormancy ◽  
Similar Expression Pattern ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Conserved Gene

AbstractDormancy has evolved in plants to restrict germination to favourable growth seasons. Seeds from most crop plants have low dormancy levels due to selection for immediate germination during domestication. Seed dormancy is usually not completely lost and low levels are required to maintain sufficient seed quality.Brassica napuscultivars show low levels of primary seed dormancy. However,B. napusseeds are prone to the induction of secondary dormancy, which can lead to the occurrence of volunteers in the field in subsequent years after cultivation. TheDELAY OF GERMINATION 1(DOG1) gene has been identified as a major dormancy gene in the model plantArabidopsis thaliana.DOG1is a conserved gene and has been shown to be required for seed dormancy in various monocot and dicot plant species. We have identified threeB. napusgenes with high homology toAtDOG1, which we namedBnaA.DOG1.a,BnaC.DOG1.aandBnaC.DOG1.b. The transcripts of these genes could only be detected in seeds and showed a similar expression pattern during seed maturation asAtDOG1. In addition, theBnaDOG1genes showed enhanced transcript levels after the induction of secondary dormancy. These results suggest a role forDOG1in the induction of secondary dormancy inB. napus.

scholarly journals Evolution of reduced dormancy during range expansions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M. J. Travis ◽  
Poppy Mynard ◽  
Greta Bocedi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Spatial Equilibrium ◽  
Kin Competition ◽  
Population Spread ◽  
Dynamics Of Population ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Dispersal Evolution

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that life-history traits can evolve rapidly during range expansion and that this evolution can impact the ecological dynamics of population spread. While dispersal evolution during range expansion has received substantial attention, dormancy (dispersal in time) has not. Here, we use an individual-based model to investigate the evolution of seed dormancy during range expansion. When a population is at spatial equilibrium our model produces results that are consistent with previous theoretical studies: seed dormancy evolves due to kin competition and the degree of dormancy increases as temporal environmental variation increases. During range expansions we consistently observe evolution towards reduced rates of dormancy at the front. Behind the front there is selection for higher rates of dormancy. Notably, the decreased dormancy towards the expanding margin reduces the regional resilience of recently expanded populations to a series of harsh years. We discuss how dormancy evolution during range expansion, and its consequences for spatial population dynamics, may impact other evolutionary responses to environmental change. We end with suggestions for future theoretical and empirical work.

Seed tolerance to heating is better predicted by seed dormancy than by habitat type in Neotropical savanna grasses

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desirée M. Ramos ◽  
Ana B. S. Liaffa ◽  
Pedro Diniz ◽  
Cássia B. R. Munhoz ◽  
Mark K. J. Ooi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Neotropical Savanna ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Wet Grasslands ◽  
Neotropical Savannas ◽  
Selection For

Open savannas and wet grasslands are present under the same seasonal macro-climate in central Brazil. However, in open savannas, temperatures during fires are higher than in wet grasslands. Grasses dominate both ecosystems and exhibit large variation in seed dormancy. We hypothesise that seeds of grass species from open savannas are more tolerant to heating than those of wet grasslands. Also, assuming that dormant seeds remain longer in the soil than non-dormant seeds – thus being more likely to burn – we expect that dormant seeds are more tolerant to heating than non-dormant seeds. We tested the effects of heating at 80 and 110°C for 2.5 and 5.0 min on the survival of seeds of 14 species, seven from each community, containing dormant and non-dormant species. Seeds of most species survived at 80°C, but seeds from open savannas maintained greater survival for 5 min than seeds from wet grasslands. Seeds of most species died at 110°C, but dormant seeds survived more than non-dormant seeds. We conclude that species with seed dormancy experience selection for covarying characteristics that allow tolerance to heating in hotter fires. Our findings suggest that both seed dormancy and habitat-specific fire temperatures may contribute to the evolution of seed fire tolerance in Neotropical savannas.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Seed Dormancy in a Cross Between Two Spanish Peanut Cultivars1

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-L. B. Khalfaoui
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Complex Additive ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Pedigree Selection ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Obtaining early maturing peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (Spanish) with seed dormancy is a major objective in breeding programs. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of seed dormancy in a cross between the only dormant, early maturing cultivar that is currently released (73–30) and a very early maturing non-dormant cultivar (Chico). Results showed that genetic control is not very complex (additive, dominance and digenic epistatic effects). Broad sense and narrow sense heritabilities ranged between 0.49 and 0.57. These results indicate that pedigree selection for dormancy could be successfully carried out in Spanish type cultivars using 73–30 as a parent.

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