Obstructing congenital anomalies of the urinary tract: ureteropelvic junction obstruction, ureterocele, megaureter, and posterior urethral valves

2019 ◽  
pp. 207-220
Author(s):  
Caleb P Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction ◽  
Posterior Urethral Valves ◽  
Ureteropelvic Junction ◽  
Urethral Valves

Posterior Urethral Valves in Identical Twins

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 748-748
Author(s):  
R. Lawrence Kroovand ◽  
Neal Weinberg ◽  
Abbas Emami
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Posterior Urethral Valves ◽  
Identical Twins ◽  
Voiding Cystourethrogram ◽  
Intravenous Pyelogram ◽  
Urethral Valves

Similar congenital anomalies in siblings are common.1-3 Enuresis,4 vesicoureteral reflux,5 and ureteroceles6 have been reported in identical twins, but posterior urethral valves have not been confirmed in proven monozygotic twins. CASE REPORT Twin boys, weighing 2,380 and 2,637 g, were born by repeat cesarean section to an 18-year-old, gravida 2, para 1 woman. The placenta was monochorionic and diamniotic. Immediately after birth, twin A developed grunting respiration and mild substernal retraction; a firm 6 x 5 cm suprapubic mass was palpated. Suprapubic aspiration produced clear urine, and catheterization decreased the size of the mass. A voiding cystourethrogram and an intravenous pyelogram were diagnostic of posterior urethral valves.

Posterior urethral valves

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel F. Schreuder
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Renal Dysplasia ◽  
Posterior Urethral Valves ◽  
Urethral Valves ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Lower Urinary

Posterior urethral valves is the most common congenital cause of lower urinary tract obstruction in males, and a common cause (15–17%) for end-stage renal disease in childhood. Most commonly, posterior urethral valves is suspected on basis of a screening antenatal ultrasound. Ultrasound will not detect posterior urethral valves itself, but recognizes the consequences of lower urinary tract obstruction with a dilated thick-walled bladder and dilation of the prostatic portion of the urethra. After birth, urine drainage has to be secured by placement of a bladder catheter, and imaging is needed to confirm the presence of the urethral valves and estimate the degree of damage to the kidney. Consequences of posterior urethral valves depend on the degree of renal dysplasia and bladder dysfunction. Prevention or minimization of such consequences by intrauterine urine drainage has not definitively shown a benefit of early vesico-amniotic shunting.

scholarly journals Management of Posterior Urethral Valves: An Outcome Analysis of Endoscopic Valve Fulguration

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Shah Md Ahsan Shahid ◽  
Nawshad Ali ◽  
Sayed Sirajul Islam ◽  
Shantona Rani Pal ◽  
Khondokar Seheli Nasrin Lina
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Renal Dysplasia ◽  
Posterior Urethral Valves ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Uneventful Recovery ◽  
Outcome Analysis ◽  
Early Presentation ◽  
Urethral Valves ◽  
Urethral Valve

Posterior urethral valves (PUV) constitute the most common infra-vesical urinary obstruction in boys. PUV are often accompanied by severe consequences to the lower and upper urinary tract (LUT, UUT). They also represent a major urological cause for pediatric renal transplantations. Surgical options for primary management invariably aim at abolition of valves. However, temporary urinary diversion may sometimes be a viable alternative, especially in critically ill patients or preterm infants. It was a retrospective, descriptive study which was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College from January 2018 to December 2018. All stable patients with the diagnosis of posterior urethral valves were included in the study. Endoscopic valve fulguration was performed in all diagnosed patients using bugbee electrode and an adequate sized cystoscope. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia and the urinary bladder was drained with a suitable size Foley's or silicon catheter for 14days. Patients were discharged from the hospital 48-72 hours after the procedure on oral antibiotics and were advised to come to the outpatient department for follow up visits for a period of 6 months. A total of 84 patients were included in the study. All were males with a mean age of 6.5years ranging from 6 months to 12 years. Sixty five patients were without any diversion while 19 had vesicostomy or ureterostomy already done in our department or somewhere else. Stricture urethra was seen in 5 patients, incontinence of urine was seen in 7 patients, nocturnal enuresis in 15 patients and recurrent urinary tract infection in 19 patients. Chronic renal failure was seen in 4 patients while 16 patients lost the follow up.18 patients had an uneventful recovery. Urethral valve ablation is the definitive treatment of posterior urethral valves. Endoscopic urethral valve fulguration is safe, effective and definitive way of management for posterior urethral valves. Early treatment improves the quality of life and prevents the ongoing renal damage. Early presentation in fetal and neonatal life has worst prognosis due to associated renal dysplasia. TAJ 2018; 31(2): 68-72

Amniotic Fluid α-Fetoprotein in Fetal Obstructive Uropathy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-539
Author(s):  
William M. Dean ◽  
Emory J. Bourdeau
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Obstructive Uropathy ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Posterior Urethral Valves ◽  
Urinary Obstruction ◽  
Type I ◽  
Urethral Valves

Amniotic fluid α-fetoprotein has been associated with various congenital anomalies. A diagnosis in utero of urinary obstruction associated with elevated α-fetoprotein is reported. Subsequent fulguration of type I posterior urethral valves was done. A possible mechanism for elevated α-fetoprotein with obstructive uropathy in utero is discussed.

Outcomes of primary valve ablation versus urinary tract diversion in patients with posterior urethral valves

Urology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Farhat ◽  
Gordon McLorie ◽  
Gianpaolo Capolicchio ◽  
Antoine Khoury ◽  
Darius Bägli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Posterior Urethral Valves ◽  
Urethral Valves
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