Running head: Bail, Reform, and Foucault’s Dangerous Individual

Over 2.5 million people in the US are incarcerated annually for the sole reason that they cannot afford cash bail. This nearly exclusively affects the working-class, and disproportionately affects Black and brown individuals and communities. Whether someone is incarcerated pending trial affects employment, family stability, and even likelihood of conviction. Across the US, reform efforts are being considered and adopted, but in this paper, I use a political theory approach to argue that racial capitalist ideologies that construct the accused as specifically ‘dangerous’ impede just policy transformation. I start by centralizing Michel Foucault’s genealogy of the ‘dangerous individual’ as a frame for analyzing the logics and movement of the dangerous figure, and then re-situate the concept of the dangerous person in the contemporary US bail context. Ultimately, I argue that the dominance of oppressive ideologies in the bail discourse demonstrates the pervasive race and class biases that persist in the criminal justice apparatus, even in policy reform approaches that promise unbiased outcomes like algorithmic assessments.

VLCD diet - Dietkcal® (very-low-calorie diet) and its influence on anthropometric and metabolic variations in obese patients Running Head: Influence of Dietkcal® in obese patients / Dieta VLCD - Dietkcal® (dieta muito baixa em calorias) e sua influência sobre as variações antropométricas e metabólicas em pacientes obesos Running Head: Influência do Dietkcal® em pacientes obesos

VLCD (dieta de muito baixa caloria) são definidas como dietas de baixa caloria que fornecem entre 450 a 800 kcal por dia e, dada a relevância do VLCD no contexto da obesidade, este estudo realizou uma análise comparativa de pacientes que usaram a dieta VLCD (Dietkcal®) antes e após um período de dois meses, sobre seus parâmetros antropométricos. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, quantitativo, com utilização do método de pesquisa documental. Os resultados mostraram que uma perda de peso média correspondente a 7,4 kg pode ser observada no período de dois meses, apresentando significância estatística entre os pesos inicial e final. Em relação aos valores obtidos a partir do percentual de gordura, observamos uma perda total estatisticamente significante de 4,53% no período de dois meses. Em relação à diferença apresentada na circunferência da cintura dos pacientes, observou-se diminuição de 2,5 cm no total de dois meses, o que é estatisticamente significativo. O presente estudo contribui trazendo resultados em que uma dieta VLCD pode resultar em perda acentuada de peso, podendo favorecer o perfil metabólico dos pacientes, como a diminuição do percentual de gordura corporal e circunferência da cintura, uma melhora na saúde e qualidade de vida desses pacientes também pode ser destacada.

Immediately Restored Fixed Full-arch Prosthesis on Implants Placed in Both Fresh and Healed Sockets by Means of Flat-one-bridge Technique. A 7-year Retrospective Study. Running Head: Prosthetic Passivation of Implants in Full-arch Bridges

Background: Aim of this retrospective study was to document the long-term clinical efficacy of a surgical-prosthetic technique (Flat-one-Bridge) involving immediate restoration of both post-extractive and non-post-extractive implants supporting full-arch restorations. Methods: Implants were placed adapting the axis to the available bone. Flat definitive abutments were connected at surgery and never disconnected in order to compensate for eventual implants dis-parallelism. Bone grafting was performed when needed. Patients received a screw-retained provisional restoration within 48 hours of surgery and a final screw-retained prosthesis within one year. Results: Sixty-six patients received 494 implants distributed in 75 prosthesis. The median follow-up was 86 months (range 82-168 months). Only three implants failed at the last follow-up. Implant survival was 99.6%. Conclusion: The Flat-one-Bridge prosthetic protocol is a viable procedure with excellent long-term outcomes. No difference could be observed between post-extractive and non post-extractive implants in terms of clinical success.

Diagnosis of Orthostatic Tremor Using Smartphone Accelerometry Running Head: Smartphone Accelerometry for Orthostatic Tremor

Background: Primary orthostatic tremor (OT) is a rare movement disorder characterized by a 13-18 Hz leg tremor, which arises when standing and is relieved by walking/sitting. Those affected generally do not fall, but experience fear of falling, lessened by ambulation. Because of its low amplitude, the tremor is not readily visible, and diagnosis requires confirmation with surface electromyography. Recently, applications using the accelerometer feature of smartphones have been used to detect and quantify tremors, including OT, though the accuracy of smartphone accelerometry in diagnosing OT is unknown. Methods: We completed SPA in consecutive adults (18+ years), who presented to our neurology clinic with either subjective leg shakiness upon standing or unsteadiness when standing that lessened with ambulation. We assessed tremor using the StudyMyTremor application on an iPhone 6s adhered with tape to the patient’s tibialis anterior. Surface electromyography was completed on the same muscle. The primary outcome of this study was to determine SPA’s sensitivity and specificity in detecting OT compared with surface electromyography. Results: Fifty-nine patients with the following diagnoses were included: OT (6), Parkinson’s disease, Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia, orthostatic hypotension, essential tremor, spinal cerebellar ataxia, sensory ataxia and functional movement disorder. Smartphone accelerometry detected a 13-18 Hz tremor in 5 of 6 patients diagnosed with OT by surface electromyography with no false positives in other conditions, yielding a sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 100% in the cohort we studied. Conclusions: Though a larger sample size is desirable, preliminary data suggest that smartphone accelerometry is an alternative to surface electromyography in diagnosing OT.

HMGA2 rs968697 T>C Polymorphism is Associated With The Risk of Colorectal Cancer

Background: Recently, a genetic polymorphism (rs968697 T>C) in HMGA2 gene has been reported to be associated with hepatoblastoma risk. However, no studies reported the effect of the polymorphism on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The study aimed to explore whether rs968697 polymorphism had a significant impact on CRC risk. Methods: A total of 500 CRC patients and 500 age and gender matched healthy individuals were genotyped by Sanger sequencing. Quantitative real-time PCR technology was used to detect the relative expression of HMGA2 gene in 30 pairs of primary CRC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues.Results: HMGA2 rs968697 polymorphism was significantly associated with CRC risk (CC vs. TT: OR=0.20, 95%CI=0.06-0.70, P=0.01; (CC+CT) vs. TT: OR=0.71, 95%CI=0.53-0.96, P=0.02; CC vs. (CT+TT): OR=0.21, 95%CI=0.06-0.73, P=0.01; C vs. T: OR=0.67, 95%CI=0.51-0.89, P<0.01). The analysis based on tumor stage indicated that HMGA2 rs968697 polymorphism was significantly associated with CRC tumor stage. In addition, the genotype-tissue expression showed that the rs968697 polymorphism was related to HMGA2 gene expression. The in silico analysis showed that rs968697 polymorphism located in the promoter region of HMGA2 gene could affect the binding of transcription factors. Conclusion: Our study suggested that HMGA2 rs968697 polymorphism was associated with CRC risk and might serve as a reliable biomarker to detect CRC risk. Running head: HMGA2 rs968697 T>C polymorphism and colorectal cancer