Academic Performance Prediction models mustn't be accurate only, but timely too, to identify at-risk students at the earliest to provide remedy. Heart rate data of 50 students in 3 main courses are collected, processed, and analyzed to distinguish the difference between excellent students and at-risk students. Three of the 12 heart rate attributes were chosen to calculate the threshold values, which are used to predict at-risk students. Half of the at-risk students were identified after week 5. Later, the datasets were rebalanced. Using four Data Mining classifiers, six attributes were identified to be the best attributes for prediction model development. The datasets were then dimensionally reduced. Applying classification, half of the at-risk students were identified earliest around week 5 of the 12-week semester. J48 is the most robust classifier, compared to JRip, Multi-Level-Perceptron, and RandomForest, making accurate prediction on at-risk students earlier most of the time.
Modern Artificial Intelligence Model Development for Undergraduate Student Performance Prediction: An Investigation on Engineering Mathematics Courses