- EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF GRASSY RAGS IGNITION BY HEATED UP TO HIGH TEMPERATURES CARBON PARTICLE

In this paper, the basic formability of stamping of magnesium-alloy AZ31B sheet has been studied through experiments. The stamping formability of magnesium-alloy AZ31B sheet, such as the conical cup value, bending formability, deep drawing formability, formability of hole expanding, forming limit has been studied by simulating processing experiments. The formability of stamping supplies the basic reference data for the stamping processing. It is also found that the formability of stamping of magnesium-alloy AZ31B sheets is poor at room temperature and is excellent at intermediate and high temperatures.

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In situ REM imaging of surface processes on ceramic bulk crystals from 300 to 1670 K in a conventional TEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100087616 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 660-661

Author(s):

Z. L. Wang ◽

J. Bentley

Keyword(s):

High Temperatures ◽

Image Resolution ◽

Atomic Processes ◽

Crystal Surfaces ◽

Beam Radiation ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Reflection Electron Microscopy ◽

Gas Reactions

Studying the behavior of surfaces at high temperatures is of great importance for understanding the properties of ceramics and associated surface-gas reactions. Atomic processes occurring on bulk crystal surfaces at high temperatures can be recorded by reflection electron microscopy (REM) in a conventional transmission electron microscope (TEM) with relatively high resolution, because REM is especially sensitive to atomic-height steps.Improved REM image resolution with a FEG: Cleaved surfaces of a-alumina (012) exhibit atomic flatness with steps of height about 5 Å, determined by reference to a screw (or near screw) dislocation with a presumed Burgers vector of b = (1/3)<012> (see Fig. 1). Steps of heights less than about 0.8 Å can be clearly resolved only with a field emission gun (FEG) (Fig. 2). The small steps are formed by the surface oscillating between the closely packed O and Al stacking layers. The bands of dark contrast (Fig. 2b) are the result of beam radiation damage to surface areas initially terminated with O ions.

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Secondary Transfer Effect of Contact

Social Psychology ◽

10.1027/1864-9335.40.2.55 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 55-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 146

Author(s):

Thomas F. Pettigrew

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Dissonance ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Intergroup Contact ◽

Transfer Effect ◽

Evaluative Conditioning ◽

Transfer Effects ◽

Secondary Transfer ◽

Primary Reduction

This paper reviews the evidence for a secondary transfer effect of intergroup contact. Following a contact’s typical primary reduction in prejudice toward the outgroup involved in the contact, this effect involves a further, secondary reduction in prejudice toward noninvolved outgroups. Employing longitudinal German probability samples, we found that significant secondary transfer effects of intergroup contact exist, but they were limited to specific outgroups that are similar to the contacted outgroup in perceived stereotypes, status or stigma. Since the contact-prejudice link is bidirectional, the effect is inflated when prior prejudice reducing contact is not controlled. The strongest evidence derives from experimental research. Both cognitive (dissonance) and affective (evaluative conditioning) explanations for the effect are offered.

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