INDONESIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY

The concept of national identity in the midst of the development of globalization requires a country to strengthen its national identity in order to maintain the integrity and unity of the nation. This paper attempts to provide a contemporary view of the perception of national identity in a country. This paper focuses on the state of Indonesia. This paper uses discourse discourse studies and data collection uses literature studies.

Contemporary view of m ultifetal pregnancy management at early stages

The present review gives a wide coverage on the problems of etiology and management of multifetal pregnancy during first trimester. Particular attention is paid to multifetal pregnancy reduction, which aims at improving prenatal outcomes in case of multiple gestation. On the basis of literary data the issues of the operation are generalized and analyzed, clinical aspects are considered and potential directions of future investigations are determined.

The Relationship Between Conscious and Unconscious Intentionality

The contemporary view of the relationship between conscious and unconscious intentionality consists in two claims: (i) unconscious propositional attitudes represent the world the same way conscious ones do, and (ii) both sets of attitudes represent by having determinate propositional content. Crane (2017) has challenged both claims, proposing instead that unconscious propositional attitudes differ from conscious ones in being less determinate in nature. This paper aims to evaluate Crane's proposal. In particular, I make explicit and critique certain assumptions Crane makes in support of his asymmetry, and argue for a conditional claim: if Crane is right that unconscious intentional states are (relatively) indeterminate, this suggests that conscious intentional states are indeterminate in a similar fashion as well.

Socrates as Intellectual Character Builder

Our aim in this paper is to argue that Socrates is an intellectual character builder. We show that the Socratic Method, properly understood, is a tool for developing the intellectual character of students. It motivates agents towards the truth and helps them to develop the cognitive skills to gain knowledge of the truth. We further elucidate this proposal by comparing the Socratic Method, so understood, with the widely held contemporary view that the epistemic aim of education is the development of the intellectual virtues.

White-Collar Crime: Contemporary View

The article touches upon the problem of white collar criminality and presents a contemporary view of the phenomenon. The concept of white-collar crime, first introduced by Edwin H. Sutherland in 1939, immediately became the driving force behind the discussion undertaken by criminologists and sociologists of that time. Since then, many studies have been conducted in order to answer the question about who actually is a “white collar” – why do respectable, well-situated individuals decide to enter the path of crime? The author contrasts two types of definitions – the subjective white-collar crime definition developed in Anglo-Saxon culture and objective definition of economic crime functioning in Europe. It is significant that the crime of white collars has never really been systematized in the Polish legal system (and most of European legal systems), in contrast to economic types of crime.The author compares recent literature, presents characteristics of white-collar criminals and comes to the conclusion that in this specific group of criminals the ties between the perpetrator and the community in which they live are very weak. Finally, the article touches on a problem of possible beneficial consequences of attempting to investigate the scale of crimes committed by white collars.

CHARACTERISTICS OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES OF THE THYROID GLAND AND THE METHODS OF ITS CORRECTION

Gut microbiota is considered as a pathogenetic factor of various diseases nowadays. The patients with autoimmune diseases are known to suffer from dysbiosis. There are studies in the modern literature that demonstrate changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in case of thyroid dysfunction. This review examines a contemporary view of the gut microbiota, its role in the development of autoimmune diseases. We investigated the interaction between the thyroid gland and the gut microbiota, its species composition in hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Possible methods of correction, including the use of pre- and probiotics and transplantation of fecal microbiota have been demonstrated.