A masonry infill wall model with in-plane—out-of-plane interaction applied to pushover analysis of RC frames

In the seismic codes, lateral rigidity and strength of infill panels are ignored in the design. However recent earthquakes occurred in the world has shown that infill walls change the dynamic behavior of the frame. In this article we propose to investigate the effect of infill wall on the seismic behavior of framed concrete buildings. For this purpose, a framed reinforced concrete building is considered. An equivalent diagonal strut model is used for masonry infill. The strut properties are calculated according to the FEMA306 [7]. Nonlinear pushover analysis is used to assess the seismic behavior. The results show that introduction of the masonry infill wall in the analysis modifies the behavior of bare frame. There is a drastic change in the bending moments and shear forces. The modeling of infill wall transforms the rigid frame into braced frame.

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Effects of Masonry Infill Wall on the Performance of RC Frames to Resist Progressive Collapse

Journal of Structural Engineering ◽

10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001860 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 143 (9) ◽

pp. 04017118 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Kai Qian ◽

Bing Li

Keyword(s):

Progressive Collapse ◽

Infill Wall ◽

Masonry Infill ◽

Rc Frames ◽

Masonry Infill Wall

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Progressive Collapse Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Unreinforced Masonry Infill Walls considering In-Plane/Out-of-Plane Interaction

Earthquake Spectra ◽

10.1193/062113eqs165m ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 921-943 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Khalid M. Mosalam ◽

Selim Günay

Keyword(s):

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Shear Failure ◽

Progressive Collapse ◽

Unreinforced Masonry ◽

Concrete Frames ◽

Infill Wall ◽

Infill Walls ◽

Rc Frames ◽

Out Of Plane ◽

Plane Interaction

Reinforced concrete (RC) frames with unreinforced masonry (URM) infill walls are commonly used in seismic regions around the world. It is recognized that many buildings of this type perform poorly during earthquakes. Therefore, proper modeling of the infill walls and their effect on RC frames is essential to evaluate the seismic performance of such buildings and to select adequate retrofit methods. Using damage observations of RC buildings with URM infill walls from recent earthquakes, this paper presents a new approach to consider in-plane/out-of-plane interaction of URM infill walls in progressive collapse simulations. In addition, the infill wall effect to induce shear failure of columns is simulated with a nonlinear shear spring modeling approach. The research endeavor is accompanied by implementation of the developed modeling aspects in the publicly available open-source computational platform OpenSees for immediate access by structural engineers and researchers.

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In-Plane Behavior of Masonry Infill Wall Considering Out-of-Plane Loading

Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering ◽

10.3311/ppci.7867 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 217-221

Author(s):

Jingchang Kong ◽

◽

Changhai Zhai ◽

Xiaomin Wang ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infill Wall ◽

Masonry Infill ◽

Out Of Plane ◽

Masonry Infill Wall

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SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF UNREINFORCED CONCRETE MASONRY INFILL WALLS

Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction ◽

10.14455/isec.2021.8(1).str-02 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ziad Azzi ◽

Caesar Abi Shdid

Keyword(s):

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Ground Motion ◽

Element Model ◽

Reinforced Concrete Frame ◽

Infill Wall ◽

Infill Walls ◽

Existing Building ◽

Masonry Infill ◽

Masonry Infill Walls ◽

Out Of Plane

The majority of new and existing building inventories in the Middle East consist of reinforced concrete skeletal structures with outer shells composed of unreinforced masonry infill walls. In the absence of any mandatory seismic design requirements, these buildings will sustain catastrophic damage when exposed to high seismic activity. Investigating the behavior of such infill walls when exposed to ground motion is therefore an important topic. Experimental tests using shake table out-of-plane ground motion of the 1940 El Centro earthquake displacement are conducted on 3:10 scaled specimens of a single story reinforced concrete frame with a masonry infill wall in between. The test specimens are constructed with the same materials and construction practices commonly used in the region. Displacements and strains are compared with a finite element model of the frame. Moreover, the observed overall behavior of the infill is compared to that of the computer model. The recorded strains in the mortar joints exceeded cracking limits, whereas the overall stability of the wall in out-of-plane bending was not compromised. Recommendations on the use of these structural elements are formulated.

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