DISTURBANCES OF WATER METABOLISM IN VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES AND EFFECTS OF ADRENAL CORTICAL HORMONES1

Background: Edema represents one of the earliest negative markers of survival and consecutive neurological deficit following stroke. The mixture of cellular and vasogenic edema makes treating this condition complicated, and to date, there is no pathogenically oriented drug treatment for edema, which leaves parenteral administration of a hypertonic solution as the only non-surgical alternative. Objective: New insights into water metabolism in the brain have opened the way for molecular targeted treatment, with aquaporin 4 channels (AQP4) taking center stage. We aimed here to assess the effect of inhibiting AQP4 together with the administration of a neurotropic factor (Cerebrolysin) in ischemic stroke. Methods: Using a permanent medial cerebral artery occlusion rat model, we administrated a single dose of the AQP4 inhibitor TGN-020 (100 mg/kg) at 15 minutes after ischemia followed by daily Cerebrolysin dosing (5ml/kg) for seven days. Rotarod motor testing and neuropathology examinations were next performed. Results: We showed first that the combination treatment animals have a better motor function preservation at seven days after permanent ischemia. We have also identified distinct cellular contributions that represent the bases of behavior testing, such as less astrocyte scarring and a larger neuronalsurvival phenotype rate in animals treated with both compounds than in animals treated with Cerebrolysin alone or untreated animals. Conclusion: Our data show that water diffusion inhibition and Cerebrolysin administration after focal ischemic stroke reduces infarct size, leading to a higher neuronal survival in the peri-core glial scar region.

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Investigations on Epilepsy and Water Metabolism. (Acta Psychiat. et Neur., Suppl. ix, 1936.) Teglbjœrg, H. P. S.

Journal of Mental Science ◽

10.1192/bjp.82.337.197-c ◽

1936 ◽

Vol 82 (337) ◽

pp. 197-197

Author(s):

G. W. T. H. Fleming

Keyword(s):

Water Metabolism

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Role of Chronic Alcoholism Causing Cancer in Omnivores and Vegetarians through Epigenetic Modifications

Global Medical Genetics ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1721814 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 07 (03) ◽

pp. 080-086

Author(s):

Syed Aaquil Hasan Syed Javid Hasan ◽

Raisa Arifanie O'Zelian Pawirotaroeno ◽

Syed Abrar Hasan Syed Javid Hasan ◽

Elene Abzianidze

Keyword(s):

Folate Deficiency ◽

Chronic Alcoholism ◽

Epigenetic Modifications ◽

Alcohol Metabolism ◽

Dna Hypomethylation ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Vitamin Deficiencies ◽

Adenosyl Methionine ◽

And Oxidative Stress

AbstractOne of the significant consequences of alcohol consumption is cancer formation via several contributing factors such as action of alcohol metabolites, vitamin deficiencies, and oxidative stress. All these factors have been shown to cause epigenetic modifications via DNA hypomethylation, thus forming a basis for cancer development. Several published reviews and studies were systematically reviewed. Omnivores and vegetarians differ in terms of nutritional intake and deficiencies. As folate deficiency was found to be common among the omnivores, chronic alcoholism could possibly cause damage and eventually cancer in an omnivorous individual via DNA hypomethylation due to folate deficiency. Furthermore, as niacin was found to be deficient among vegetarians, damage in vegetarian chronic alcoholics could be due to increased NADH/NAD+ ratio, thus slowing alcohol metabolism in liver leading to increased alcohol and acetaldehyde which inhibit methyltransferase enzymes, eventually leading to DNA hypomethylation. Hence correcting the concerned deficiency and supplementation with S-adenosyl methionine could prove to be protective in chronic alcohol use.

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Identifying Targets for the Prevention of Childhood Undernutrition in a Resource-Limited Peri-Urban Ecuadorian Community

Food and Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0379572120982500 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 037957212098250

Author(s):

Suzanna L. Attia ◽

Wolf-Peter Schmidt ◽

Janeth Ceballos Osorio ◽

Thomas Young ◽

Aric Schadler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Blood Count ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

White Blood Count ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Vitamin Deficiencies ◽

Dietary Diversity Score

Background: In middle-income countries, malnutrition concentrates in marginalized populations with a lack of effective preventive strategies. Objective: Identify risk factors for undernutrition in a peri-urban Ecuadorian community of children aged 12 to 59 months. Methods: Data from a cross-sectional survey in 2011 of children 1 to 5 years were analyzed including demographic data, medical history and examination, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), anthropometric measurements, and blood for complete blood count, C-reactive protein, vitamin A, iron, and zinc levels. Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was calculated from FFQ. Bivariate and multivariate analysis assessed effects on primary outcome of undernutrition by DDS, vitamin deficiencies, and demographic and nutritional data. Results: N = 67, 52.2% undernourished: 49.3% stunted, 25.4% underweight, and 3% wasted; 74.6% (n = 50) were anemic and 95.1% (n = 39) had low serum zinc. Dietary Diversity Score was universally low (mean 4.91 ± 1.36, max 12). Undernutrition was associated with lower vitamin A levels (20 306, IQR: 16605.25-23973.75 vs 23665, IQR: 19292-26474 ng/mL, P = .04); underweight was associated with less parental report of illness (43.8%, n = 7 vs 80% n = 40, P = .005) and higher white blood count (13.7, IQR: 11.95-15.8 vs 10.9, IQR: 7.8-14.23 × 109/L, P = .02). In multiple regression, risk of undernutrition decreased by 4% for every $10 monthly income increase (95 CI%: 0.5%-7.4%, P = .02, n = 23); risk of underweight decreased by 0.06 for every increased DDS point (adjusted odds ratio: 0.06; 95 CI%: 0.004-0.91, P = .04, n = 23). Conclusions: In this peri-urban limited resource, mostly Indigenous Ecuadorian community, stunting exceeds national prevalence, lower monthly income is the strongest predictor of undernutrition, lower DDS can predict some forms of undernutrition, and vitamin deficiencies are associated with but not predictive of undernutrition.

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