epigenetic modifications
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Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Zhang ◽  
Jiaming Zhang ◽  
Yuchuan Wang ◽  
Minji Wang ◽  
Man Tang ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosub Shin ◽  
Woo Lee Choi ◽  
Joo Young Lim ◽  
Jin Hoe Huh

Biomedicines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Julio Plaza-Diaz ◽  
David Izquierdo ◽  
Álvaro Torres-Martos ◽  
Aiman Tariq Baig ◽  
Concepción M. Aguilera ◽  
...  

Exercise and physical activity induces physiological responses in organisms, and adaptations in skeletal muscle, which is beneficial for maintaining health and preventing and/or treating most chronic diseases. These adaptations are mainly instigated by transcriptional responses that ensue in reaction to each individual exercise, either resistance or endurance. Consequently, changes in key metabolic, regulatory, and myogenic genes in skeletal muscle occur as both an early and late response to exercise, and these epigenetic modifications, which are influenced by environmental and genetic factors, trigger those alterations in the transcriptional responses. DNA methylation and histone modifications are the most significant epigenetic changes described in gene transcription, linked to the skeletal muscle transcriptional response to exercise, and mediating the exercise adaptations. Nevertheless, other alterations in the epigenetics markers, such as epitranscriptomics, modifications mediated by miRNAs, and lactylation as a novel epigenetic modification, are emerging as key events for gene transcription. Here, we provide an overview and update of the impact of exercise on epigenetic modifications, including the well-described DNA methylations and histone modifications, and the emerging modifications in the skeletal muscle. In addition, we describe the effects of exercise on epigenetic markers in other metabolic tissues; also, we provide information about how systemic metabolism or its metabolites influence epigenetic modifications in the skeletal muscle.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyra N. Smit ◽  
Ruben Boers ◽  
Jolanda Vaarwater ◽  
Joachim Boers ◽  
Tom Brands ◽  
...  

AbstractUveal melanoma (UM) is an aggressive intra-ocular cancer with a strong tendency to metastasize. Metastatic UM is associated with mutations in BAP1 and SF3B1, however only little is known about the epigenetic modifications that arise in metastatic UM. In this study we aim to unravel epigenetic changes contributing to UM metastasis using a new genome-wide methylation analysis technique that covers over 50% of all CpG’s. We identified aberrant methylation contributing to BAP1 and SF3B1-mediated UM metastasis. The methylation data was integrated with expression data and surveyed in matched UM metastases from the liver, skin and bone. UM metastases showed no commonly shared novel epigenetic modifications, implying that epigenetic changes contributing to metastatic spreading and colonization in distant tissues occur early in the development of UM and epigenetic changes that occur after metastasis are mainly patient-specific. Our findings reveal a plethora of epigenetic modifications in metastatic UM and its metastases, which could subsequently result in aberrant repression or activation of many tumor-related genes. This observation points towards additional layers of complexity at the level of gene expression regulation, which may explain the low mutational burden of UM.


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Ferrari ◽  
Maurizio Pesce

Calcification of the aortic valve is one of the most rapidly increasing pathologies in the aging population worldwide. Traditionally associated to cardiovascular risk conditions, this pathology is still relatively unaddressed on a molecular/cellular standpoint and there are no available treatments to retard its progression unless valve substitution. In this review, we will describe some of the most involved inflammatory players, the metabolic changes that may be responsible of epigenetic modifications and the gender-related differences in the onset of the disease. A better understanding of these aspects and their integration into a unique pathophysiology context is relevant to improve current therapies and patients management.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suneesh Kaimala ◽  
Challagandla Anil Kumar ◽  
Mohammed Z. Allouh ◽  
Suraiya Anjum Ansari ◽  
Bright Starling Emerald

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel García-García ◽  
Belén Méndez-Cea ◽  
David Martín-Gálvez ◽  
José Ignacio Seco ◽  
Francisco Javier Gallego ◽  
...  

Forest tree species are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. As sessile organisms with long generation times, their adaptation to a local changing environment may rely on epigenetic modifications when allele frequencies are not able to shift fast enough. However, the current lack of knowledge on this field is remarkable, due to many challenges that researchers face when studying this issue. Huge genome sizes, absence of reference genomes and annotation, and having to analyze huge amounts of data are among these difficulties, which limit the current ability to understand how climate change drives tree species epigenetic modifications. In spite of this challenging framework, some insights on the relationships among climate change-induced stress and epigenomics are coming. Advances in DNA sequencing technologies and an increasing number of studies dealing with this topic must boost our knowledge on tree adaptive capacity to changing environmental conditions. Here, we discuss challenges and perspectives in the epigenetics of climate change-induced forests decline, aiming to provide a general overview of the state of the art.


2022 ◽  
pp. ASN.2021070881
Author(s):  
Zihui Yu ◽  
Ziying Xu ◽  
Yuan Liang ◽  
Pengbin Yin ◽  
Yue Shi ◽  
...  

Background: Vitamin C deficiency is found in patients with variable renal diseases. However, the role of vitamin C as an epigenetic regulator in renal homeostasis and pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Methods: We showed that vitamin C deficiency leads to acute tubular necrosis (ATN) using a vitamin C-deficient mouse model (Gulo knock-out). DNA/RNA epigenetic modifications and injured S3 proximal tubule cells were identified in the vitamin C-deficient kidneys using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing, and single-cell RNA sequencing. Results: Integrated evidence suggested that epigenetic modifications affected the proximal tubule cells and fenestrated endothelial cells, leading to tubule injury and hypoxia through transcriptional regulation. Strikingly, loss of DNA hydroxymethylation and DNA hypermethylation in vitamin C-deficient kidneys preceded the histological sign of tubule necrosis, indicating the causality of vitamin C-induced epigenetic modification in ATN. Consistently, prophylactic supplementation of an oxidation-resistant vitamin C derivative, ascorbyl phosphate magnesium, promoted DNA demethylation and prevented the progression of cisplatin-induced ATN. Conclusions: Vitamin C played a critical role in renal homeostasis and pathogenesis in a mouse model, suggesting vitamin supplementation may be an approach to lower risk of kidney injury.


2022 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 270-283
Author(s):  
Samriti Sharma ◽  
Arjun Chauhan ◽  
Sneha Dobbal ◽  
Raj Kumar

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-242
Author(s):  
Jingchun Zhang ◽  
Qingwei Li ◽  
Qinliang Sun ◽  
Bojun Wang ◽  
Ying Cui ◽  
...  

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